Marketing Mix Essay

Product refers to the creation or design of a good or service. It is here that the process begins in the life of a product. In this part of the marketing mix the design is made, the name is created, and even the packaging of the good is decided upon. This is where a product needs to be created in a way that makes the product marketable for its intended target. (Manktelow, 2013) Place is the process in when it is decided where the product is going to be sold and how the product will be distributed. Many questions are answered in this part of the process such as â€Å"Where do buyers look for this product? , â€Å"What channels of distribution should be used? †, â€Å"Do we need to use a sales force, attend trade shows, or send samples to companies? †, and â€Å"What are competitors doing? † (Manktelow, 2013) For example, a company producing power tools would not want to distribute their goods in a boutique. The intended customer base is not likely going to be found here. The correct distribution would be in a store where power tools are sold like Home Depot. While having a great product is important, you need to get it to the consumer in the most efficient manner. Price is where the value of the product is determined. Pricing is just as important as the product itself. No matter how great a product is, it needs to be priced so that consumers will be willing to purchase it and so that it will make a profit that is worth investing in. Pricing also can offer a chance to get a leg up on the competition. In order to gain an advantage in market share a company may decide to price their product slightly lower than their competitor’s price. (Manktelow, 2013) Promotion is how a company creates their promotional strategy, advertising, and public relations. Promotion is extremely important in making the consumer aware of the product. It is also very important that the promotional strategy is aimed at the target audience. (Manktelow, 2013) For example, to promote a new basketball shoe advertising could be created featuring a professional basketball player and the product could be heavily advertised during basketball games on television when the intended audience is going to be watching the game. PayPal, Inc. is a payment processor that operates primarily in processing payments on the internet. In 2010 PayPal began to push a new motto of â€Å"Anytime, Anywhere, Anyhow†. PayPal was taking their online payment services and moving them into the physical world. In order to achieve this PayPal began pushing their mobile payment services to develop products that would help to achieve this vision. PayPal required a product that would allow people to truly use PayPal anywhere at any time. In 2012 PayPal launched PayPal Here. PayPal here is a product that connects to a smartphone to allow merchants to accept credit card payments wherever their business may take them. To allow buyers the convenience of using PayPal anywhere, PayPal revamped the PayPal Mobile App. The PayPal Mobile App allows a person to send funds at any time using their smartphone. Whether it is sending money to a friend or paying for an item on eBay, the PayPal Mobile App allows buyers to use their PayPal account without having to be in front of their computer. The other product PayPal created for both merchants and for buyers is PayPal’s in-store checkout. In December of 2011 PayPal partnered with The Home Depot to unveil this new product and feature. Customers of the Home Depot no longer need to bring their wallet to the store with them. By simply entering their mobile number and PIN number they can pay with their PayPal account. Upon checking out the customer receives a text message and email receipt of their purchase. This video demonstrates the PayPal in-store checkout process. http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_detailpage&v=Q8P9qT9EIVk PayPal’s placement of the product was not as complicated as many companies selling a product like a hammer or shoes. The PayPal Here product is a way to use the PayPal Here service. Customers simply have to go to the PayPal website or PayPal Here App and request the PayPal here dongle. It is sent to the customer at no cost because the value is in the customer accepting payments using the PayPal Here service. This benefits PayPal in that they do not have to deal with major distribution channels in getting their product into the right store. They simply need to ship the product to the customer that asks for it off of the PayPal website. PayPal has structured their pricing to remain ahead of their primary competitor Square. PayPal charges 2. 7% per transaction to receive payments using the PayPal Here product. Square has a similar product and charges 2. 75% per transaction. The cost of the phone attachment for PayPal Here is free. This has allowed PayPal to keep up with their competitor. In order to effectively market this product PayPal needed to have a price that at least met that of their competitor in order to get people to use the product. PayPal decided to charge slightly less than their competitor in order to gain customers new to this technology and to sway some customers away from Square. Had the service not been available through a competitor, PayPal’s pricing may have been different. Having a price that meets or beats the competition shows that PayPal is marketing their product to not just to customers new to accepting mobile payments, but to those that are already accepting them which expands the market they are targeting. PayPal also offers other types of services other than just accepting payments on a mobile phone which creates more value for potential customers. PayPal has launched aggressive marketing campaigns through email and through banners on their website. PayPal has never advertised their products on television or radio and they did not start with the launch of PayPal Here. PayPal announced PayPal Here at a media event and let the media spread the word along with the advertising occurring through email and on the PayPal website. This helps PayPal save money in advertising and promotion while still promoting their product efficiently. PayPal’s intended targets for PayPal Here are small businesses and people who sell at events like trade shows, service (lawn care, plumbing, etc. ) who would like to be able to give their customers more options to pay for their services. The marketing mix is an effective way to help successfully market a product or service. It addresses every aspect that is needed in order to successfully prepare a product to be launched. The four P’s work together to help a company provide the consumer with what they want, get the product to the consumer that demands the product, sells at a price that benefits the company and the consumer, and will promote the product to the right audience. Without the proper use of the marketing mix a product could easily fail. A company could design a new product that may seem great, but if they do not market the product correctly the right people will not see it, buy it, or be aware of it. Without the sales, the life of a product can be short lived because of ineffective marketing. PayPal has shown an effective use of the marketing mix. PayPal identified a consumer need, PayPal designed a product and service that would meet the needs of the consumer, PayPal found an efficient way to deliver the product and service to the customer, PayPal provided a price that was slightly better than the price of their competitor to gain a market advantage, and PayPal effectively used word of mouth promotion and promotion through their own website to make consumers aware of this new innovative product that can meet their needs. It has been effective use of the marketing mix that has helped PayPal remain on top of the online payment processing world.

“Letter from Birmingham Jail” by Martin Luther King Jr. Essay

What stylistic elements does King use to influence his readers? After reading and analyzing â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† write an essay in which you answer the question and analyze structure and language in his text, providing 3 or more examples to illustrate and clarify your analysis. What conclusion can you draw about the power of this text? 1. Copy and paste the introduction of your essay here. Check your grading feedback from Lesson 8 to see if your instructor suggested any revisions to your introduction. Please make your revisions and type your revised introduction in the space below. INTRODUCTION: Everyone knows Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the Letter from Birmingham Jail but not everyone knows he wrote it because he was tired of being told to be patient and to wait. He wanted those eight white Alabama men that called him an extremist and whom believed the civil rights campaign would cause violence, to know that he was fed up waiting. King would take a stand and fight alongside his brothers and sisters for their rights. Martin Luther King uses strategic support and imagery to influence his readers and help us understand that all the hardships and judgment the blacks faced matter since he’s trying to make us understand the pain and tiredness of segregation and of waiting for nothing to happen. Write 2. Using what you have learned about evidence, explanation, quotations, and paraphrase, write your body paragraphs in the space below. You will need to include at least one of each of the following: a direct quotation introduced with a complete sentence and a colon a direct quotation introduced with a signaling phrase and a comma a direct quotation that is introduced and explained in one sentence a paraphrased example  an embedded quotation IMPORTANT ALERT: Use your outline from the previous lesson (Lesson 9 Organize Your Ideas) to form your body paragraphs. BODY (Minimum of 2 paragraphs – one about the structure of the letter and one about the language of the letter): King uses quotes from other famous people to offer comprehension of the respect those people were given and explaining how those men were  also extremists; â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal . . .† said by Thomas Jefferson. King uses allusion to talk about how Jefferson mentioned something in his past life of being equal and that our society cannot be divided in half. It goes back to segregation by explaining the people of the world shouldn’t be divided by the color of their skin since according to Jefferson all men were created equal. By stating Jefferson, he makes a point of everybody, including blacks, having the right to share bathrooms, restaurants, and schools. Not one person should suffer the consequences of being different. Abraham Lincoln said that â€Å"This nation cannot survive half slave and half free.† King also used an allusion of Lincoln’s to point out that the nation would not be able to survive being divided by the color of one’s skin. If the government were going to divide the town’s people, to divide them by the content of their actions, than by their skin color. It would be for example, dividing a forest by its predators, and prey. By placing a fence in between the two sections, neither side would survive. King wants us to understand that being divided is toxic to our nation and we need to mix to be able to feel right in the world, like you belong. As mentioned, king uses imagery to help us visualize better what he desires for us to understand like when he says â€Å"†¦when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can’t go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her little eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children and see the depressing clouds of inferiority begin to form in her little mental sky, and see her begin to distort her little personality by unconsciously developing a bitterness toward white people †¦Ã¢â‚¬  he uses this to help the readers comprehend why they are fed up of being told to wait, and to stand aside patiently. He mentions how he can see the clouds of inferiority form in her little mind, understanding that they think of the blacks as less of humans. King also describes seeing her unknowingly develop a hatred towards the whites and not knowing that changes her personality. When this happens to his daughter, he wants us to understand that there comes a time when men are exhausted of being in a pool of injustice and having to be told they can’t  do anything about the situation. â€Å"Like a boil that can never be cured†, King states in the end of paragraph 24 of his letter. When he says this, he is giving us an image of a disgusting boil, while comparing injustice and racism to it. King is using a simile to make us believe that just like a person or animal is sick, the people back then were sick and the symptoms were injustice and racism. Just like we tend to those unwell, we have to tend to them. King compares the two and simplifies his thoughts when said that they need to be acknowledged and treated. He is hinting that he wishes of injustice and racism to be treated and vanish, but that it won’t happen if not everybody pitches in. Locate (copy and paste) 3. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate and copy and paste the following components. Be sure to include the entire sentence. a. a direct quotation that is introduced with a complete sentence and a colon: King uses quotes from other famous people to offer comprehension of the respect those people were given and explaining how those men were also extremists; â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal . . .† b. a direct quotation that is introduced with a signaling phrase and a comma: Abraham Lincoln said that â€Å"This nation cannot survive half slave and half free.† c. a direct quotation that is introduced and explained in one sentence: As mentioned, King uses imagery to help us visualize better what he desires for us to understand like when he says â€Å"†¦when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can’t go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her little eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children and see the depressing clouds of inferiority begin to form in her little mental sky, and see her begin to distort her little personality by unconsciously developing a bitterness toward white people †¦Ã¢â‚¬  he uses this to help the readers comprehend why they are fed up of being told to wait, and to stand aside patiently. d. a paraphrased example: King also describes seeing her unknowingly develop a hatred towards the whites and not knowing that changes her personality. e. an embedded  quotation:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Like a boil that can never be cured†, King states in the end of paragraph 24 of his letter.

Bread & Roses

Bread & Roses Essay â€Å"It is bread we fight for, but we fight for roses too. † This quote, originally in a poem written by a man named James Oppenheim, embraced a fierce social movement created by large number distraught textile workers who eventually created what we now know as the â€Å"Bread & Roses Strike†. This strike proudly showed the lengths one working under such unruly conditions would go in order to achieve respect, better working conditions, and enough food to feed their families. The book, â€Å"Bread and Roses†, written by Bruce Watson, is a novel concerning textile workers living in Lawrence, Massachusetts in the year 1912. Potential workers flocked to the city of Lawrence to better their lives, many of which soon realized posters and advertisements beckoning them to join in and share the city’s wealth did not prove to be as true as they claimed. Bruce Watson illustrates the working conditions of textile workers during this time period and proves as a reminder that during times of struggle, you gain your rights. Effective January 1, 1912, a new law was passed reducing the numbers of hours one could work. The workers wouldn’t have had a problem with this reduction if there was no cut in pay, but there was. That seemingly small pay cut, for multiple families, proved to become a financial splinter in their lives as they struggled day after day to keep food and warmth circulating throughout their already-small homes. Bread & Roses. (2017, Jan 27).

Strategic Supply Chain Management in United Arab Emirates Research Paper

Strategic Supply Chain Management in United Arab Emirates - Research Paper Example Strategic supply chain management is a new concept that majority of companies with strategic objectives of growth and future continuity and sustainability cannot ignore or under-value. Likewise, companies in UAE are actively being influenced by forces of globalization and as a result, there is increased attention to operate within frameworks of reduced costs, enhanced customer satisfaction, productive cooperation, and collaboration among suppliers, and short lead-time together with decreased inventories. Adoption and implementation of Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) as supply chain practice in other parts of the world has proved successful and as a result, it is deemed that such an endeavor in Gulf Extrusions Company Ltd will yield numerous benefits as far as supply chain needs of the company are involved. Major objective of this research report is to assess and elaborate on the most effective way adoption and implementation of Collaborative Planning Forec asting and Replenishment (CPFR) supply practice can be achieved at Gulf Extrusions Company Ltd. As a result, detailed analysis of CPFR will be carried out with regard to Strategic supply chain goals of the company.Overview of Gulf Extrusion Company Ltd  Gulf Extrusion is located in the hub-business center of Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. It was established in 1978 and remains part of the Al Ghurair Group of Companies (Gulf Extrusion n.d). Over the years, the company has evolved.

Study of Starbucks business strategy 02224 Essay - 1

Study of Starbucks business strategy 02224 - Essay Example The paper will discuss in details the external and internal environment of the company so as to develop an analysis of its business strategy. Starbucks driving force has been their ability to provide a premium product mix of good quality snacks and beverages. Moreover, they have managed to outsource the best quality of coffee and its related products. Besides having the products of high quality, they have managed to ensure that each customer has a unique experience (Foroohar, 2015).Being in an industry with many competitors, their quality of customer service and company culture have enabled them win customer loyalty. The management of the company values its relationship with other parties in their line of business. The human resource management has been very influential towards maintaining strong internal and external relationships (WORLDCITY, 2014). Good relationships with suppliers have ensured actualization of their business strategies such as constant expansion and developing a good reputation (Starbucks Corporation, 2014). Good management of their labor force has ensured production of high quality products and services and timely services. Constant employee training and highly selective recruitment of new employee ensures that they have a reliable team of employees. According to a report by the Fortune magazine, Starbucks was rated as91 in the best 100 places to work in (Fortune Magazine, 2013). Starbucks has heavily invested in local expansion and globalization. According to their 2014 end year financial reports, they have managed to acquire a 36.7% market share in the United States (Starbucks Corporation, 2014).This shows that their brand is well recognized, and hence they have strong market position. The company has licensed its brands logo and thus ensuring thus solidifying their market position and brand recognition. Internationalization has helped Starbucks grow economically (Grant, 2005). Due to long term

Critically evaluate the operational activity of Singapore Airlines Essay

Critically evaluate the operational activity of Singapore Airlines - Essay Example The intention of this study is Singapore Airlines as one of the best rated airline companies operating in the globe. The highly turbulent and capital intensive industry segment generates a considerable need for organizations like Singapore airlines to ensure better operational abilities. Considering the fact that the domestic market of the nation is very small hence the airline needs to use the international route to stay in the business and maintain profitability and sustainability. Moreover the competitive price wars being introduced into the market by the advent of the low cost carriers also plays a major threat to the profitability and sustainability of companies like Singapore Airlines. Hence it is imperative for Singapore Airlines to ensure operational excellence that can help the company stay afloat in the highly turbulent and competitive business market. Singapore airlines have crafted a well structured operational strategy to maintain sustainability and retain the competitiv e edge. In this regard the company has procured new and advanced aircrafts like Boeing 777 and 747 to save on costs and generate efficiency. It is the first company to have used the world’s largest carrier for long haul flights generating greater revenue per unit spent on operations. The airline also had a good fuel hedging strategy under which the airline was the first among the major airline companies having international operations to be able to fully offset the entire quantum of price element by virtue of hedging strategies. This helped the company to save on costs in the highly volatile oil market that is characterised by heavy fluctuations and skyrocketing prices (Morrell & Swan, 2006, p.14). Singapore airlines have also used the hub and spoke model to enhance its reach to new areas. The airline has made Singapore the hub and draws passengers from neighbouring nations to its hub in smaller aircrafts. From its hub the company uses larger aircrafts like Boeing 747 and Air bus A380 to fly to far off destinations. In this way the company tries to use the international market to generate revenues. This assumes importance considering the fact that Singapore is a very small nation with a very small market and hence in order to maintain profitability and sustainability the company needs to tap the international audience. Figure 1: Operational Statistics-Singapore Airlines (Source: Singapore Airlines, 2010, p. 6) The figure shown above illustrates the operational aspects of the airline company. The figure clearly states that the carrier has generated a one percent change in the number of passengers carried with the figure at actual being 16647 (in thousands). The passenger load factor that is a measure of an airline’s usage of its capacity has also shown a slight improvement of 0.1 percentage point to 78.5 percent. However the figure is considerably impressive considering the dip in the number of passengers owing to recessionary activities in the eco nomy and the advent of low cost carriers in the market. The figure for available seat kilometres has also shown an increase by about 2.3 percent. This implies that the carrier has augmented its efficiency in using its available passenger seats. The figure for revenue passenger kilometres also shows a significant increase of 2.3 percent to 84801.3 million kilometres in the year 2010-11. This implies that Singapore Airlines has generated greater efficiency in generating revenues by flying passengers over greater distances. The measure of passenger yield has also risen by about 14.4 percent to reach figures of 11.9 cents per kilometre. This implies that the company generated greater fare as revenue flowing per mile from the passengers across various routes. The increase in the value over its previous year shows that the company

London heathrow Airport Passenger Process Mapping and Evaluation Essay

London heathrow Airport Passenger Process Mapping and Evaluation - Essay Example London Heathrow airport is operated and owned by the Famous BAA limited. BAA Limited is managed by ADI limited, which a universal syndicate is owned by Spanish Ferrovial Group. The British airways and BMI, together with virgin Atlantic primary use Heathrow airport is there Hub. Last year alone it handled more than 66.2 million commuters and about 1.48 million tons of goods. This paper offers a brief and critical overview of    London Heathrow Airport Passenger Process Mapping and Evaluation form broad planning and mapping perspective. It attempts to form comprehensive summary of the Heathrow airport based on its operation, transport, inspection, storage or delay services Airport process Before one travel with any flight company one has to follow some procedure which is the same in London heathrow Airport. The activities include: booking of air ticket, registering for a passport and then travel if all is cleared (retrieved from www. Heathrow Airport information.com on 26th November 2011).Additionally, before booking an air ticket one needs to first get a visa card from the country’s ministry of immigration and registration of persons so that this may help the government account on its people who have left the country, this action helps the embassy of the citizens of their country to monitor their citizen efficiently and to help them in case a problem arise ( (Monkman & McMahon 2007, pp 51-53) Booking of any air ticket may be done online. Clients have to select the type of flight whether local or international, provide the category of the passenger that is whether adult young child or infant so that they can make special arrangement early in advance after completing the booking send the e-ticket request form and wait for the email reply where you check on the fare and the means of payment instructed sent by the flight company these is then followed by taking a printout of you e-ticket (Heathrow Airport information). Heathrow airport has four main termina ls that serve as check in, at this point there is the immigration control/ passport control department, the department has the made to inspect passport and clear the passanger. At heathrow airport, there usually two queues at the immigration control,either for EU/EEA passport holders. After the immigration control point, the passeger moves to Baggage reclaim office. Hearthrow is a busy airport and it takes some time for the baggage to arrive. Then, the passager goes to the custom control department but if the passanger does not have laggage to clear he/she goes straight to green channel that lead to the terminal. At the terminal they queue and check for flight information which are available on screen. What the passengers ought to know before using Heathrow airport If a clients luggage is not checked they need to inform the relevant personnel. Furthermore, if they have not been issued with boarding cards please contact the airline authorities before time is over, also in case of del ay in processing your travel documents please inform the airline desk of arrival so that you may advised on what to do since if you don’t communicate you may be considered as one of the travelled passengers. This may result in problems in case of an accident since some passengers may be accounted as missing while in real sense

Marketing Management and Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Management and Strategy - Case Study Example The five factors include: The Fulham Football Club has been a well known club since the last decade or so. The club came in the limelight when it was bought by an Egyptian businessman Mohammad Al-Fayed in 1997. The millionaire owner of the club gave Fulham FC a new identity in the world of football, following its acquisition the club went on to secure a place in the Premier League Division 1 (Fulhamfc.com). The club has been facing intense rivalry and competition since its promotion into the Division1 of the Premier League. Fulham FC’s microenvironment can be analyzed with the use of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. The threat of having potential entrants in the football industry for Fulham FC seems to be minimal. The initial investment to launch a football club acts as a possible barrier for new entrant to enter into the football industry. The initial costs of launching a football club are very high and there is a very low chance that a football club may emerge and directly affect the business of Fulham FC. The other barrier of entry is the Premiership structure the division style. No new club can enter directly into the division 1 of the English Premier League. A new club entering into the football industry would have to start from scratch i.e. by playing well and getting promoted through the different divisions till its reaches the Division 1 of the Premier League to challenge the business of Fulham FC. The only threat of new entrant can be from low division clubs such as Brentford FC, QPR, etc. If any of these teams gets promoted into Division 1 of the Premier League, they can affect the bu siness of Fulham FC because of the intense rivalry between the clubs. This intense rivalry can lead to a shift of supporters from Fulham FC to any of the other newly promoted clubs if they were to play better football than Fulham FC. The customers of Fulham FC are

Lab report Geiger counter and its control unit Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geiger counter and its control unit - Lab Report Example The behavior is illustrated inform of a curve of pulse height against applied voltage. Using the count rate C1 (beginning of the plateau) and the count rate C2 (almost 100 to 10 volts beyond C1). Both count rates were allocated operating voltages V1 and V2 respectively. The values of V and C were used to determine the slope of the plateau using an equation. Once the system is set up in an optimum condition, source 1 is placed on the split holder and the number of count rates per second is measured as N1. While the source is still in place, source 2 is placed in the holder and the equivalent count rate per second taken, as N12. Source 1 is now removed and the number of count rates per second is taken as N2. Finally, this can be used to calculate the dead time. The slope and the percentage slope of the curve can also be worked out from the count rates. The period of time, during and immediately following an ionization event, when the system is insensitive to a further radiation, is referred to as the Dead time. After placing the material in the holder and setting the voltage to a certain value, we stills didn’t record any count rate until we attained a certain value of EHT. This is because the energy is very low below that point to be able to separate them very fast. On the other hand, the behavior of the system depended on magnitude of the potential difference applied between the anode and the cathode. Radioactive material can be used to determine the operating voltage of the Geiger counter, the slope percentage of the plateau and the dead time of the counter. This simply involves radioactive material and recording its EHT and counts rate at a certain amount of time. The count measure occurs due to the radiation released and emitted by the material in the holder. When a specimen or material is in exited state, it means that it has absorbed

Tarim Documentary-Capital of Islamic Culture 2010 Essay

Tarim Documentary-Capital of Islamic Culture 2010 - Essay Example According to the movie, people come to Tarim from all over the world to learn about Islam (Tag archives). One thing I like about the movie is the light shed on women scholars especially those in Tarim. Most of these ladies are wives or mothers to male Islamic scholars. The ladies are depicted as knowledgeable and interesting people who outdo men. In the movie, women have been depicted as useful ingredients in the preservation of Islamic culture. Important things that I would like to apply to my own life to enhance my cultural knowledge is the creation of time to relax, connect with my creator and remind myself about my culture. Culture remembrance reminds one of her past and helps her to live the present in connection with the past. Nowadays people are busy in organizations working to an extent they forget to create time and connect with the spiritual world for spiritual nourishment and refresh the body for health

The Hunger Games and Reality TV Essay Example for Free

The Hunger Games and Reality TV Essay In the novel The Hunger Games, many aspects relate to reality TV. Through the Gamemakers and, in television producers the truth is altered. The line separating fact and fiction is truly blurred. The producers do their job so well that it leaves the audience questioning every move on the show. They wonder â€Å"where is the real in reality TV? † The answer is that due to their mixed genre and producer editing there is not any. Reality TV is not just one genre, but a mix of two. The producers â€Å"[use] the documentary-fiction genre mix to help market its product. † [ ] This â€Å"new† genre allows some leeway in the reality and fictional aspects of the show. â€Å"Reality series use documentary techniques to generate emotional accuracy; that is, the sense that these people are showing you their true emotions or are behaving in psychologically convincing ways, even if the events they are reacting to are obviously staged. †[1] The fictional aspect of this genre is what producers rely on for more ratings. Treating the show as a fictional sitcom lets the producers stage events to create more drama. They can do this easily but still have to be wary of the documentary side of the genre. If the audience can tell that there are too many fake scenes on the show they will not watch it. Viewers can go from â€Å"this show is so good,† to as Samantha Bee put it, â€Å"a totally, unabashedly fake, phony, manipulated, a sham. †[ ] Some shows can not only rely on the genre mix but also must rely on their editors. Editors of reality TV shows are the true stars because they choose what kind of story to tell. In The Hunger Games, the Gamemakers chose to tell the story of the star-crossed lovers of District 12. In reality TV the editors do the same. IF anything would harm the shows view ratings the editors take care of it. Take for instance on the CBS show Big Brother; racists comments were made during the online live feed, but knowing that would hurt the viewer ratings the editors chose to take it out of the episode air on television a few days later. [ ] This caused uproar since because it showed how manipulated reality TV shows are. Editors can also make shows more interesting by combining clips to create drama. They do their job so well that it leaves the audience questioning every move on the show. The editors also take weeks and weeks of filming and squeeze it into a 45 minute show. In reality TV, the fictional part of the genre outshines the documentary part. Through the producers’ and editors actions the truth is altered and the audience is feed lies. The line separating fact and fiction is not blurred, but broken. The audience may think it is real but it is all fake.

Working relationship Essay Example for Free

Working relationship Essay 1) Working relationship is a relationship where I spend time with my coworker and client together at work, but I have little or no contact out of working hours. It’s strictly professional. A personal relationship is one where my personal life and extra activities and social life are involved. 2) Working relationship does not allow arguing, accepting differences, discussing interest and personal life’s problem between participants. 3) Working relationship is established with colleagues, clients and other professionals and sharing information is limited. In personal relationship it can establish with anyone and sparing information is unlimited. The relationship between – manager and care worker -care worker and kitchen staff Aiii It is important that social care workers work in partnership with individuals using the service and their family to ensure the best possible support and care is provided. Some families may be able to provide useful information to support us in our work and we can be able to provide useful information to support them in being part of the individual’s lives. If there are communication difficulties with service users a carer or family member can share information about how we can best communicate with an individual. 1) Good communication system and good communication skills – communicating in an appropriate, open , accurate and straight forward way 2) Always feedback any concerns we have to our manager/supervisor 3) Sharing expert knowledge and respecting views of others to achieve positive outcomes for individuals 1) Compromising- People try to find a solution that will at least partially satisfy everyone. 2) Collaborative- People try to meet the needs of all people involved. They cooperate effectively and acknowledge that everyone is important. 3) Listen first; talk second: To solve a problem effectively we have to understand where the other person is coming from before defending our own position. 4) Set out the Facts: Agree and establish the objective, observable elements that will have an impact on the decision. 5) Explore options together: Be open to the idea that a third position may exist, and that you can get to this idea jointly. 1) Managers – they will be able to assist us on legal and professional matters and can also support us in the following of organisational procedures and policies when dealing with conflict 2) External agencies: CQC, Social Services, unions and carers organisations who have a wide range of support available. We can access the support via website or by contacting them directly.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Risks and Treatment

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Risks and Treatment Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Bryan Hines Abstract Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a very dangerous mental health condition. It effects a great many people who have been victims of traumatic events that change their outlook on life and the world around them. The purpose of this paper is to provide basic insight to the disorder, the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options used by the many trained professionals to assist people with PTSD. Keywords: PTSD, Cognitive Therapy, Exposure Therapy, Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), intrusive memories. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is defined as a mental health condition thats triggered by a terrifying event by either witnessing it or experiencing it. According to Dr. Matthew Friedman, Ph.D, M.D., â€Å"Individuals can only develop PTSD if they have been exposed to a traumatic event. As operationalized in the DSM-IV (2) and shown in Table 1 (as the A1 criterion), traumatic events involve actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of oneself or others. (Friedman, 2000). Post-Traumatic Stress is not new to us. For most, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is mainly associated with military veterans and active duty soldiers who have been deployed to a combat zone and have been involved in or have witnessed very traumatic events. However, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder does not just affect military members. It can affect first responders, such as Police, Fire Fighters, and hospital Emergency Room staff. People who have been in natural disasters such as floods, tornados, hurricanes, Tsunamis, to name a few can also be inflicted with PTSD. PTSD can and does affect a great many people. There is a difference, however, from PTSD and severe stress. Not everyone is susceptible to PTSD. Many who experience a traumatic event or an extremely stressful event often after a few months have no further thoughts or dreams about the event. PTSD refers to the individuals who have these symptoms for a prolonged period and for those who may never lose these symptoms. The hard part is to identify these symptoms and help those who need help but do not believe they have problems. The key is being able to identify these symptoms. Symptoms The symptoms are grouped into four types according to the Mayo Clinic. The first is intrusive memories. Intrusive memories involve reliving the event again as if it were happening all over again in the present. Having recurring memories of the event over and over again and not being able to get away from it. Intrusive memories also include having recurring dreams about the event as we all have seen in movies where the person affected by these â€Å"dreams† and seems to be reliving these events in the dreams. Intrusive memories also include being very emotional and distressed about something that reminds them of the event. Anything could trigger this reaction in someone. A certain noise or surroundings, something someone says which may have occurred prior to the event or during the event could trigger these intrusive memories. Avoidance, is exactly what it implies. Some people go to extremes to avoid anything that will remind them or trigger anything that will remind them of the event. Often going miles out of their way, when it involves and accident they witnessed or were in, to avoid bringing up the negative images in their minds. They will avoid people they knew for many years, because they remind them of the incident or event. For those who have driven on the streets of Iraq, they are often very aware of their surroundings when driving even when they get back home. If closely observed, one can see the anxiety and the â€Å"head on a swivel† motion of these individuals, where they look rapidly and in all directions. They become very anxious when they see debris on the side of the road or new construction, or even dead animals in the middle of the road, often slowing down or avoiding the spot all together. Negative changes in thinking and mood are often the most obvious signs of PTSD but certainly not the only signs. These changes deal with how the person perceives themselves. They have lost self-worth, and see very little hope into the future. They have problems dealing with loved ones and often fail to have or remain in a relationship for any length of time. This may be because they no longer feel anything emotionally. Inability to feel love, or affection toward anyone or anything. They once loved t o do things and now have no desire to do anything they once did, such as sports or socializing. They do not see the point of doing anything because they have no desire to or have no thought about the future. They often have memory issues, especially when it comes to the traumatic event. Emotional reactions, or as they are often called, Arousal Symptoms (AS), include difficulty sleeping, concentrating on little things, anxiousness or extreme angst, always on guard as in the example above. Individuals will always be looking for something to happen, and can be easily scared or startled, which may bring along with it a very negative and destructive reaction. This is caused by irritability, anger, and outbursts or aggressive behavior, which are prominent emotional reactions in those that are affected by PTSD. The severity and frequency of these symptoms are dependent on the nature and severity of the traumatic event and the ability of the person to cope with these emotions. Risk Factors Risk factors vary with respect to the individual. Theses certain risk factors include family history of mental illness, depending on age what childhood years were like, what life was like prior to traumatic event, having other mental or health issues, and of course how often one is exposed to traumatic events. Being exposed repeatedly to these types of risk factors has a significant effect on whether one develops PTSD. However, if a person has strong support system of family, friends, and trained psychiatric personnel significantly diminishes the effects that these stressors have on a person, and can often help to ward off significant stress and the potential to develop a stress disorder. For some, however, no matter how often we are able to talk to someone, these events can trigger a reaction from any event in the past. According to Dr. Friedman physical attributes also play a part in PTSD, he states â€Å"Abnormalities in brain structure and function have been demonstrated in PTSD patients. In three independent laboratories, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown reduced hippocampal volume among male and female PTSD patients who had been exposed to combat trauma, sexual assault or motor vehicle accidents† (Friedman, 2000). If identified then one should expect that identification of such findings could result in identifying potential PTSD issues in individuals attempting to join the military, first responders, and even those jobs which are susceptible to higher stressors. This could lead into some rather serious discussions into what would be legal into prescreening candidates for certain positions. But that is a different subject. If risk factors are pre-identified then it should be possible for those individuals to obtain the necessary treatment to and to learn strategies to manage their stress levels. Women according to the Veterans Administration are more likely to succumb to chronic PTSD than their male counterparts. Which is probably the result of women being more at ease with talking about their concerns and thoughts and seeking treatment. Men are less likely to do so. It is also noteworthy that recent openings of combat jobs in the military has exposed women to more stressful and traumatic events than in previous years. Coupled with the fact that women more likely the victims of sexual assault, or at least more likely to report it, than men are. According to studies 34% of women will experience some sort of sexual assault in their lifetime both as adults and as children. Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with PTSD as men are. Children are especially susceptible for obvious reasons, especially in their younger years since they have not built up the cognitive skills required to deal with such stressors as child abuse, sexual molestation, being neglected, the death of a parent or sibling, or domestic violence. Younger children are often susceptible when one or both parents have PTSD and would possibly suffer the same consequences as they grow older because the neural development occurs faster when children are at a younger age and is determined by their experiences. Extended exposure to this type of trauma at such an early age can change the development of the brain and cause major damage to the mental state of a child. It has been shown that the elderly also are at risk for PTSD. There a few reasons for this. One reason is that with age cognitive function is diminished somewhat. With this declining function it becomes more difficult to cope with stressors that occur during this period of time. The fact is that elderly people feel a decreased role in society as they are often â€Å"pushed† aside for younger people in the workforce and often times in to nursing homes when they reach a certain age. These health problems show us that we are slowly but surely withering away, which is a depressing thought. Our desire to feel needed is also affected as we get older. Children often become too busy to visit, or have others take care of their aging parents and relatives. Money also is an added stressor for the elderly. It is quite often the case that once the retirement age is reached financial income is not the same as it used to be, and the ability to create more income is extremely difficult. The c ost of medications from chronic illness, which normally increase as we get older. Even if one prepares for retirement, it is a burden to live within means based upon a fixed income and having no means of adding income to counter rise of medication dn healthcare costs, insurance, and growing living costs. Military personnel and first responders are at an increased risk for PTSD simply based upon the operational environment that they may find themselves in. For the military the constant stress of daily life of being combat situations plays a tremendous role on the psyche. The images and horrors of war, having been viewed or seen can have an extreme traumatic effect on one’s mental state. These exposures are often the major cause of PTSD in military veterans. First responders also have to deal with very gruesome events when responding to accidents, shootings, or just death in general. It is quite possible that just one event could trigger PTSD. Even while remaining in this type of environment, the individual can show signs and symptoms and need to be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. There is increased risk for all of these different groups when these individuals have dealt with some sort of traumatic event in the past or have other mental health issues that may make them more susceptible to a new traumatic event. Without a strong support system many of these individuals will certainly be more at risk to succumb to PTSD. Delayed diagnosis makes treatment more difficult. There are numerous treatment options available depending on what stage the individual is in and what severity the traumatic event occurred. Treatment Although there are many potential treatments for PTSD, the primary treatment is psychotherapy. In some cases medication may be prescribed to assist with the therapy and will be combined to assist the more extreme or difficult cases. Exposure therapy is a behavioral treatment for PTSD. For PTSD patients it targets the behavior that the patient has learned in order to â€Å"deal† with the traumatic event. Most often this deals with avoidance. In this treatment type, these individuals are asked to try and recount the traumatic event, without the trauma of the event, with hope that new learning via extinction will occur and allow the patient to hinder the effects of the traumatic thoughts versus eradicating them entirely. Cognitive therapy assist the person by allowing them or giving them a new way to deal with the detrimental thoughts they are having about the traumatic event and to help them understand the event or events that took place. It helps by showing how the event changed the thought process of how they view the world, people, and themselves. The way we see things and what we perceive to be accurate has been skewed by the traumatic event. By learning about the symptoms, the way they view things and the way they feel, and understanding how the event changed what they believe in, cognitive therapy arms the person with a new way of dealing with this trauma. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) according to the Mayo Clinic, combines exposure therapy with a series of guided eye movements that help you process traumatic memories and change how you react to traumatic memories.† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). EMDR is a therapy based upon physiology and helps a person see, in a similar way to what they see during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, these disturbing events in a new and less troublesome or traumatic way. After going through the session EMDR a patient should no longer view these events in a similar view that they had prior to the therapy session. The event will still be in memory, however, how the patient views the event should be less traumatic for them. Pharmacotherapy is another approach to dealing with PTSD. While most drugs cannot remove symptoms they can offer assistance in dealing and coping with them. Antidepressants, anti-anxiety, and other drugs that assist with sleep issues may be prescribed. Pharmacotherapy should not be viewed as a primary treatment. According to The Journal of Behavioral Health Services Research, â€Å"While à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rst-line pharmacotherapy for PTSD, depression, and anxiety/panic disorder is a SSRI, consensus statements recommend that patients with PTSD also have specialized MH counseling, with structured cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or psychotherapy, as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.† (73521271) Patients requiring drugs to assist in the treatment of PTSD should ensure that a list of current medications is provided to their therapist in order to prescribe proper medication and avoid negative interaction. Summary Posttraumatic stress can affect anyone at any given moment. Exposure to any type of traumatic event could set off previous events that have been buried in the past. As we get older we develop new ways to avoid thinking about certain events that have occurred in our lives. If we are no longer bothered by the event after a few months then it would not be classified as PTSD, rather a stressful event that was traumatic. If another event triggered a more significant and longer lasting effect, then it would be considered PTSD. For those of us who have seen PTSD and have known or have had traumatic events may recognize the symptoms. Even if there is any doubt, the first thing one should do is to let the person know that there is no shame in getting assistance and we are all there for them. It is essential to have a great support group and it is even more essential that the one affected by a traumatic event knows there is help and support. We are often too ashamed or unaware of what we do, o r how we act unless someone else points it out to us. The key here is to know the signs and symptoms and then do something about it. References Meltzer, E., Averbuch, T., Samet, J., Saitz, R., Jabbar, K., Lloyd-travaglini, C., Liebschutz, J. (2012). Discrepancy in Diagnosis and Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Treatment for the Wrong Reason. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services Research, 39(2). (2012, April 1). Retrieved August 10, 2014. Yehuda, R. (1999). Biological Factors Associated With Susceptibility to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 34-39. (1999, January 1). Retrieved August 12, 2014. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, April 15). Diseases and Conditions Post-Traumatic stress Disorder (PTSD). Retrieved August 10, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/basics/definition/con-20022540 Friedman, M. (1995, January 1). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Retrieved August 9, 2014, from http://www.acnp.org/g4/GN401000111/CH109.html

Computers in the Mathematics Classroom :: Math Technology Education

?Calculators and computers are reshaping the mathematical landscape, and school mathematics should reflect those changes? (NCTM 24). My view of mathematics and geometry is that they go hand in hand. You have to know some algebraic procedures in order to be able to perform geometry problems. I never enjoyed Geometry in high school but now that I see it in a different prospective using GSP I really understand and enjoy it. I think that Geometry should be taught with software so the students can work with it hand in hand with the teacher and other students. Looking from the teacher prospective it would be easier to describe various concepts. To learn geometry means to know how to perform geometric problems and understand the process. I also think that a person should know various ways to perform geometry including the use of a calculator and Geometry Sketch Pad. One expectation of Geometry according the NCTM Standards is to ?draw and construct representations of twoand three-dimensional geometric objects using a variety of tools? (308). By using GSP the process is easier to follow 2 then just using a pencil and paper approach. Now don?t get me wrong using pencil and paper to draw various geometry objects is ways to have the student learn express relational understanding. Geometry Sketch Pad gives the user the option of reversing the steps to see were you started which could help to remember the process which is even more of a relational understanding. The user can also save his or her work for the future and the teacher is also able to see what the student?s train of thought. We need to use Dynamic Geometry Software in our teaching and learning so we can see and play with problems presented. By teaching with the use of Geometry Sketch Pad the teacher has the capabilities to teach outside of the book. It causes students to learn in a more relational way as apposed to instrumental (How Should Mathematics Be Taught?). By learning with the use of Geometry Sketch Pad a person is able to save their work for later reflections and they are able to learn a process. The capabilities of GSP are vast. The teacher and the learner both can benefit significantly through the use of GSP. I only foresee a little difference between the use of Dynamic Geometry Software in High school and in middle 3 school. I think at the high school level is where teachers

Analysis of Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw Essay -- Plays Geo

Analysis of Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw "Arms and the Man" starts with gunfire on a dark street in a small town. The romantic and willful Raina is about to begin her true-life adventure by sheltering the handsome fugitive Bluntschli, enemy of her equally handsome fiancà © Sergius The setting of the play is in war-torn Bulgaria, and focuses not only on the romance between the young people of the play, but the atrocities that go on during war times and the ability of people not so very far removed from these atrocities to ignore them completely. Shaw's purpose in this play is to attack the romantic notion of war by presenting a more realistic depiction of war, devoid of the idea that such death and destruction are both noble and romantic. These deconstructions make "Arms and the Man" a satirical comedy about those who would glorify the horrors or war. Shaw develops a perfectly ironic contrast between the two central male characters form the beginning to the end. At the start of the play we are given an account of Major Sergius Saranoff’s, a handsome young Bulgarian officer, victory in a daring cavalry raid, which turned the war in favor of the Bulgarians over the Serbs. In contrast, Captain Bluntschil, a professional soldier from Switzerland, acts like a coward. He climbs up to a balcony to escape capture, he threatens a woman with a gun, and he carries chocolates rather than cartridges because he claims the sweets are more useful on the batt...

The Female Reproductive System :: essays research papers

The reproductive system is one of the most vital systems because it determines whether a species will survive. The reproductive system produces human offspring. One of the most prevalent diseases of the reproductive system is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer occurs when the cells of the prostate begin to grow and divide uncontrollably. One out of six men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States. Some of the key parts of the reproductive system are to learn how a female egg is fertilized by a male sperm cell, about the parts of the male and female reproductive system and learn about prostate cancer. The male reproductive system works to create sperm and then release it into the female during sexual intercourse. The organs in the system are the testes, the epididymides, hanging in a skin bag called the scrotum, the sperm ducts, the prostate gland, and the penis containing the urethra. The testes are also known as sperm glands. They make tiny sperm cells called spermatozoa. They also produce hormones especially testosterone (this activates the production of sperm cells). Epididymides are tightly coiled tubes on each side of the testes. They help sperm become mature. The sperm ducts carry fresh sperm towards the outside. The ducts join with the urethra inside of the prostate. The urethra carries the sperm through the penis to the outside. This pathway is also known as the male reproductive tract. The parts of the female reproductive system work together to produce pin- head size eggs that join with a male's sperm to fertilize one of the eggs. The system nourishes the egg until it forms a full-grown baby. Then, once the baby is born, it produces milk for the baby. The main parts of a female reproductive system are the ovaries, the oviducts (also called the fallopian tubes), uterus (womb), vagina, vulva and the breasts (where the milk for the baby is released). The ovaries are called "egg glands". They store tiny eggs called ova. These will develop into a baby, if a man's sperm fertilizes them. The ovaries also produce hormones. The two oviducts each link the two ovaries with the uterus. They carry the ripe eggs to the uterus. When a male fertilizes a female's egg, it usually occurs in the oviduct. The uterus is where the fertilized egg grows and is nourished until it is ready to come out. At first, the uterus is about the size of a baseball or a tennis ball.

Emptiness in Mahayana Buddhism

Buddhism is an orthopraxy where identity comes from implementing â€Å"correct† behavior, rather than orthodoxy where identity is found through â€Å"correct† beliefs. Mahayana Buddhism, termed â€Å"the Great Way† is essentially a vision of what Buddhism is really about. Although the permeation of Mahayana was harmless, the status of the sutras was constantly disputed. From the very onset of Buddhism, the concepts of Self/not-Self and dependent arising were prominent and fundamental. The Not-Self teaching has been considered by Buddhists to be the unique breakthrough of the Buddha, the discovery that solidifies his superiority over other teachers.According to the Buddha, for something to be characterized as â€Å"Self,† it would not lead to suffering, it would have to be permanent, and also it would obey the person of whom it is the Self. If something were to be a Self, it certainly must be controllable and conducive to happiness; or at least not conduciv e to suffering. Furthermore, in contemplating the existence of a Self, he stresses that the five plausible candidates for â€Å"Self† (the five aggregates) in fact cannot be the Self because they do not meet these criteria. These five aggregates (form, sensation, conception, disposition, consciousness) are certainly not permanent.They could be considered analogous to a tornado in that they arise from certain conditions and circumstances and are not extractable from the environment in which they occur. Any part of our psychophysical make-up, anything that can be classified under one of the five groups, cannot fit the description of a Self and therefore they are all not Self. In response to claims of having found an unchanging Self, the Buddha asserts that if there is at all a Self, it is only a result of the coming together of causal conditions (dependent origination). In this case, it could not be permanent, and therefore could not be a Self.Through further analysis and insig ht meditation after the death of the Buddha, the five aggregates were seen to be dissolvable into simpler elements. This sort of investigation came to encompass not only the psychophysical aggregates associated with beings, but everything in the universe as well. These elements (dharmas) are irreducible to any further factors or sources. The Buddhist school of Sarvastivada held a definitive distinction between the way dharmas exist as ‘primary existents’ and the way complex entities (secondary existents) exist essentially as constructions of dharmas.The name Sarvastivada itself means â€Å"the doctrine that all exist,† and this school introduces the notion of the own-existence of the dharma. Regardless if a dharma is past, present, or future, it nevertheless still exists. These dharmas are ultimate truths. Primary existents must be the terminating point of analysis, and must not arise dependently the way people, tables, and chairs do. Thus, secondary existents la ck this inherent existence. The Prajnaparamita is the earliest form of literature known to be specifically Mahayana; paramita meaning perfection and prajna meaning wisdom.In Buddhist terminology, to have prajna is to encompass an understanding that distinguishes how things actually are from how things seem to be. In the abhidharma setting, prajna is used to determine the value of primary existents (dharmas), which are distinguishable from conceptual constructs. Perfection of wisdom (Prajnaparamita) does not imply the wrongness of what had previously been considered to be wisdom, but rather its perfection. The perfection of prajna is the final, proper understanding of the way things truly are.Mahayana philosophers felt the nature of the Abhidharma to be too objective and systematic. Characteristically, these sutras are not methodically philosophical nor do they imply doctrinal adherence. The texts entail clear messages that are illustrated repetitively and can be seen as messages tha t aim to urge or advise those in the non-Mahayana world. As we have seen from pre-Mahayana philosophy, secondary existents are in essence ‘empty’ of primary existence, empty of own-existence. In this sense, all things such as people, sand, grass, the ocean, etc. re empty not only of Self, but also of primary existence. In agreement with these Abhidharma texts, there then must exist things that indeed have primary existence in order to contrast them to secondary existents that are empty of such a quality. However, the Prajnaparamita sutras do not heed this theory. These Mahayana sutras claim that absolutely all things have the same status as people, sand, tables, etc because they are all constructs that cannot be grasped. They claim that everything is empty, and that all things are conceptual constructs lacking own-existence.In the eyes of the Mahayana philosophers, to claim that there is own-existence in a way that emphasizes the how essential the dharmas are in the Abh idharma seems too methodical. It makes the dharmas themselves suitable to become objects of attachment. Instead, the dharmas should be used the way the raft was used in the parable told by the Buddha in the Alagaddupama Sutra. They should be used as tools that are let go of after use; they should not be clung to. Suffering is the result of attachment, so to grasp to the dharmas is to imply suffering.One cannot become attached to these things because to attach is to miss enlightenment. In this way, ceasing attachment involves seeing sources of attachment (people, for instance) as empty. One cannot avoid attachment as long as they see a contrast between primary existents and conceptual existents. In the Heart Sutra, the bodhisattva explains that after engaging in deep meditation on the perfection of wisdom, bodhisattvas fully awaken to a state of complete liberation and perfect enlightenment.The bodhisattva explains to the inquiring Sariputra that the perfection of wisdom involves see ing that the five aggregates are empty, as well as the dharmas that make up these aggregates. Dharmas are not fundamental; they are merely intellectual constructs just as are people and trees. The Sutra illustrates that all beings, things, and ideas, which we experience as â€Å"real†, have no inherent existence and this â€Å"reality† is merely a construction of the mind. Dharmas, too, are empty and do not ossess the specific characteristics that they have previously been associated with. Nothing comes to be as an inherently existing entity, and therefore nothing can cease. Likewise, nothing is complete or incomplete. The bodhisattva specifically states, â€Å"form is emptiness; emptiness is form. Emptiness is not other than form, form is not other than emptiness. † This is logical because if nothing at all inherently exists, things and concepts such as â€Å"form† and â€Å"emptiness† are one and the same. Emptiness itself is empty because it doe s not inherently exist.The bodhisattva also references the 12 stages of dependent origination and the four noble truths in order to solidify that they too lack inherent existence and are empty. Nothing in existence is separate from anything. The Diamond Sutra speaks repetitively about quantity of merit. The idea of repeating four lines of this Sutra is illustrated over and over again, with the message that teaching just four lines to another person would generate an incalculable amount of merit. In relation to this merit, the sutra places a strong emphasis on the idea of giving without becoming attached to any related notion.The only way to achieve limitless merit is to selflessly give in this way. The Buddha tells Subhuti that those on the bodhisattva path should have this thought: â€Å"However many living beings are comprised in the total aggregation of living beings†¦I should bring all of them to the final extinction in the realm of extinction without substrate remaining. † Essentially, the Buddha is stressing the act of enabling all beings to reach Nirvana-without-remainder and, in doing so, surpassing the cycle of continuous death and rebirth.However, for this to be accomplished, one cannot dwell on the notion of having helped all of those beings. The Buddha goes on to say that after he has brought all of them to final extinction, no living being has been brought to extinction. That is because to give like this reveals the emptiness of giving. Since all of these beings are empty of Self, while all of them have been brought to nirvana, at the same time no one has been brought to nirvana. The mind must be free of thoughts of ‘self’ as opposed to ‘others. ’ There should be no identified â€Å"giver† or â€Å"receiver† or â€Å"gift. Such an act would yield the highest merit in giving. The end of the Sutra contains the verse â€Å"an illusion, a drop of dew, a bubble, a dream, a lightning’s flashâ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬  in order to indicate the insubstantiality, or the emptiness, of the world. Like the Heart Sutra, the Diamond Sutra also stresses that everyday reality is like an illusion. Paradoxical phrases similar to â€Å"what is called the highest teaching is not the highest teaching† are used frequently to emphasize that the two ideas are inseparable because they are both empty.The Buddha attempts to help Subhuti â€Å"unlearn† the preconceived notions that he has about reality and perception. The distinction between arhats and bodhisattvas is clear; and Subhuti learns that the bodhisattva’s compassion is not calculable. The Diamond Sutra asserts that there is nothing in the world that is unchanging, nor is there anything that independently exists, therefore everything is empty. A life without attachment means a peaceful life in emptiness. This teaching of emptiness was frightening for some, because it seems very similar to nihilism in the way that it encourag es such deep letting go.Nagarjuna’s explanations of the perfection of wisdom claim that all things seem to be illusions was by showing that all things are without their own-existence. In previous Abhidharma terms, a primary existent is an irreducible into which a secondary existent can be analysed. In a way, to be a primary existent is not necessarily unrelated to causes and conditions, so it does not necessarily have â€Å"own-existence. † Nagarjuna’s view is that the concept of svabhava must boil down from that of â€Å"own existence† to â€Å"inherent existence† that is fully self-contained and is not bestowed upon it from any other sources.Inherent/intrinsic existence means independence from the causal process that characterizes secondary existence. Dharmas are irreducible, but are still the result of causes. Svabhava should be the equivalent of existing on its own, which is independent of the causal process. While he holds that there could sti ll be a distinction between primary and secondary existents, anything that is the result of conditions must be nihsvabhava, empty. Emptiness here is understood to be the middle way between nihilism and eternalism.He says that all things are empty of independent existence because all things arise dependently on conditions that are out of their own power, even primary existents. Nagarjuna declares emptiness whenever anything is found to be the result of causes of any sort. He claims that the alternative to emptiness is inherent existence. Moreover, Nagarjuna asserts that emptiness is also dependent on things. Emptiness is the lack of inherent existence of a table, for example. If there were no table, consequently there could not be an emptiness of the table.In this way, emptiness exists in dependence upon that which is empty. By definition, as originated dependently on something, emptiness itself is accordingly empty as well. Another new concept introduced by Nagarjuna is the doctrine of two truths. This doctrine differentiates between conventional truth and ultimate truth, both of which co-exist. An ultimate truth is something resistant to analysis, such as a primary existent. Conventional truth is how things really or ultimately are, or what is found in analysis when searching for primary existence.Essentially, what is found is the lack of primary existence, emptiness. Once a Mahayana follower understands these truths, he can engage in the world for the benefit of others with complete compassion. Nagarjuna applies analytic investigation to principal Buddhist ideas. The assertions of complete emptiness as presented in the Prajnaparamita sutras as â€Å"like an illusion† are demonstrated through his investigations. Nagarjuna introduces the approach of taking a category that can withstand analysis and analyze it.He says that there cannot be causation, because it cannot be explained between a cause and effect that are the same. Finally, Nagarjuna makes a cl arifying point that the Prajnaparamita sutras fail to address. He says, â€Å"Emptiness is not a way of looking at something. It is the quality of that thing which is its very absence of inherent existence. † This is his way of explaining that emptiness is a way of looking at things, it is an adjective, and it certainly is not nihilism.

Schizophrenia and Depressed Mothers: Relational Deficits in Parenting

The nine-page paper on p benting capabilities as comp atomic number 18d among the schizoid, deject and well scrams are profoundly provoke and insightful. Central to the profession of Social fashion is the structural unit which essentially pertains to the family. The sires role is one of the closely foundational ingredients that make up a seat be produce the general expectation is that she takes on more than(prenominal) of the nurturing role than any of the members of the family.The bind/ copk is said to be profoundly evoke because at the outset, despite some noesis on depression or schizophrenic disorder, the researches showed that in that location have been major areas that opposite studies disoriented oddly pertaining on the parenting skills and practices when Schizophrenics or clinically demoralize sticks are the issue.The paper opens with what has been actually obvious in the study of schizophrenia that genetics or heredity is the master(a) and of the essen ce(p) issue with the etiology of the disorder. However, the phrase is more than the previous discoveries on the bewitch of heredity. I wish to identify specifically what I find very important discoveries I made in the article.A. Because the article is a comparison between Schizophrenic and depressed mothers many details somewhat their bingle kinds of personality, life storystyles or manner of vivacious were investigated separately and comparatively. For instance, frequency of hospitalization is more noted with the Schizophrenic women than with depressed ones (p.34). This is re in a flashned because this information indicates the severity (in graduated scale) of their respective disorders. Of course compared to well-mothers, depressed ones are at risk, indeed. Hospitalization frequency is indicative of mothers who whitethorn have already been in overturn in a period of time.B. Pertaining to the depressed mothers highly limited ability to edge good parenting, in that they ar e plausibly to have difficulty in providing structure and discipline to their children, which are exactly the things needful and essential to develop children as well-balanced and smart members of society. For example, inside the household, how willing the mother do the routines in the morning concerning fodder preparation, attending to basic hygiene and health of children or charge, when they become rowdy and argumentative with one another, how will she react to these scenarios? Weismans study pointedly mentions the main power the mother does not have the expertness and the ability to be involved to do even very simple routinary disciplinal actions.C. Implications on these? It is necessary that mothers peculiarly the deject for instance, must get the necessary alleviate and that which must address the root cause or strike at the bosom of their mental/emotional sickness. Being a social worker, I will be one of the few people who will be the first to call on these peop le single parents who seemed to have no options except to prod through life and just keep on even though everything for them is hopeless and aimless. I sack up truly say I am thoroughly benefited by the readings. I am grateful too, because I have the prospect to avoid the pitfalls that some of the women had gone through.All this is insightful because I have discovered that although twain types of disorders have affective deficits, the lesser alter are the depressed types because she may mollify be able to connect with her offsprings dissimilar the Schizophrenic when not only is the mother severely disordered, other complications like the movement of hallucinatory tendencies typical of their case corrupt her relationships with her children (Goodman & Brumley, 1987). Implications for my job include 1.) I manage now how to deal with persons with various weaknesses especially those with problems as severe as schizophrenic disorder or even with mothers who have depressive proble ms especially affective or relational deficits 2.) I have more compassion now with mothers or single parents who are brusk and especially colored because they have the least access to care and their needs are often neglected3.) the authors also discussed the other factors usually designated in cases of depression and schizophrenia and effectively pointed out that mothers responsiveness account for most of the accommodation and proper functioning of children. I cannot theorise enough those children (in the study) raised by single mothers with such a mental cast as theirs. My works implication has tremendously widened and deepened as I see all the individual cases and the problems that accompany them. The counsel I can afford their mothers pertaining to cope with their sicknesses and the needs of the children, and the institutional changes that can possibly help larger numbers are important outputs I gained from the informative article.ReferenceGoodman, Sherryl H., H. Elizabet h Brumley, 1987. dementia praecox and Depressed Mothers Relational Deficits in Parenting.

Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Essay

This opus concerns the personal effectivitys and weakness of my own bread and butter. The details I lead be presenting ar what I librate my best and worst strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this paper is to clear define each of these and figure out a way to learn how to solve my weaknesses and make my strengths flat stronger.Identifying personal strengths and weaknesses are essential part of the boilers suit learning processes. Just as we understand which methods and techniques divine service us to learn at an optimal level, misgiving our strengths and weaknesses economic aid us to become more(prenominal) self conscious and well-rounded individuals. I believe that animateness is our personal experiences and everyone has certain attributes with their personal strengths and weaknesses. . Being cognisant of what are my best strengths can help me outgo my worst weaknesses. In the past, I have had a hard time recognizing my weakness but as you get older, you become more aware of your weaknesses. I pure toneing that recognizing your strengths and weaknesses is what makes you a prospering person in any aspects of your life.I feel that one of my great strengths is that I love to learn. Life to meis a endless learning experience. As we go through our life it is vital that we learn who we are and have the cogency to grow from our own strengths and weaknesses. I feel by overcoming my weaknesses and reinforcing my strengths that I will become more successful in both my personal and professingal life.My strengths, which wholeow in good analytical skills, and good computer skills, are offset by my weaknesses, which is procrastination and dreadful makeup and grammar skills.I believe one of my greatest strengths is my analytical skills. I love on the job(p) with numbers and estimate out complicated problems. This is why I chose business relationship for my profession. I love working with numbers and reckon things out. Very a couple of(pren ominal) masses love working in accounting.Another of my strengths is my computer skill. I am a very fast learner when it comes to enumeration out new computer software or hardware. This stems from my husband who I have learned a lot from over the past eight years. His profession is in the computer software business. Often the people I work with will turn to me for help with configuring their computers or formatting a Word document.I had a difficult time narrowing this numerate to just one or two faults that I would mention here. My one of my most weaknesses is that I am a major procrastinator. Over the past few years, I have tried to work on this fault by reading books and lectures. I feel the only way to stop procrastinating is through determination, commitment, and a desire to change. I believe I take in the determination and desire, and I commit today to befool myself to making this change in my personality.I feel that this next weakness can either be considered a fault or a strength and that is organization. I am a compulsive arranger and sometimes that tends to slow me down on projects. It in any case takes time away from my children because I am much(prenominal) a perfectionist and organizer.I do not ring anyone is perfect but I do sound off we all strive to be our best. The first step is to improve our weaknesses by learning from them everyday. I commemorate that by using are strengths to improve our weaknesses would be a very efficient process we all could learn. I think that taking this class will definitely improve my weaknesses and help me learn more about my strengthsBoth my personal and professional life.

On Making Friends

As a gay creation, 1 shtup scarcely do with go forth a admirermate, for keep with verboten geniuss go away be a sole(a) navigate in the wide unfairness ocean or unitary in the crude(a) defect. Traly, a assistant fleets out visible radiation and passion resembling a lamp. For this reason, I generate way ever matte it a mildness if a star uprises to cabinet me in my sadness, fair weather me up in my mortified spirits, or midpointedly region with me my happiness. It is wonderful, too, to find that mortal is stand up by me and alert to set aside process and encouragement in my rocking horse of a awful and divine cause. For millions of years, citizenry move over heaped elegant verses and essays upon helpership.Yet, they, too, take over pitilessly accuse irrational mavinship, for at that place be of completely time or so c any up(a) char acclaimers who address you and acquit as proficient consorts when you ar laden or infl uential, that empty or regular roam you the s you come raft in the demesne or be entrapped by doomed things. Therefore, slew whole truss extensive sizeableness to the wisdom of legitimate(p) athletic attendantership. And a constant acquaintance is considered scour more than extraordinary than a invaluable collect or a strange st ane. The aged(prenominal) byword A friend in withdraw is a friend thence has aim the instruct and beat for genuine friends.Still, it is inbred that diametrical stack get wind variant principles in do friends. rough visual modality it wholly chief(prenominal)(p) to trade name friends with whom they whitethorn partake in corresponding interests or hobbies with. Others ar nonimmune to sustain VIPs so as to succeed more or less favors or privileges. And I am of those who recall rattling(prenominal) subaltern of relation or topographic point or power. So retentive as a soul has a essence of g obsole scent, being warm-hearted, selfless, h whizzst, open-minded, only not brutal, cold, poor nor contractminded, I am uncoerced to bear friends with him or her, give my collectable jump out and help, and anticipate sheep pen to him or her all my vitality.On fashioning FriendsAs a sympathetic being, one finish scarcely do without a friend, for life without friends pass on be a nonsocial pilot in the bulky ignominious sea or one in the gross(a) desert. Traly, a friend gives out mail and extravagance same a lamp. For this reason, I gather in forever and a day matt-up it a favor if a friend comes to solace me in my sadness, treasure me up in my slump spirits, or heartedly dish out with me my happiness. It is wonderful, too, to bump that soulfulness is standing(a) by me and coif to ply help and encouragement in my inquisition of a distinguished and empyrean cause. For millions of years, mass allow heaped lovely verses and essays upon friendship.Yet, t hey, too, take away mercilessly charge preposterous friendship, for at that place argon constantly or sowhat mean characters who approaching you and act as respectable friends when you argon laden or influential, precisely desert or flush range you the consequence you come down(a) in the sphere or ar entrapped by roofless things. Therefore, population all impound corking importance to the identification of current friendship. And a fast(prenominal) friend is considered blush more remarkable than a invaluable ivory or a wanted stone. The old construction A friend in fill is a friend therefore has reach the tenet and amount for true friends.Still, it is essential that varied populate watch over various principles in reservation friends. both(prenominal) panorama it important to direct friends with whom they may bundle standardised interests or hobbies with. Others be liable(p) to bind VIPs so as to chip in some favors or privileges. A nd I am of those who call very precise of parity or come out or power. So unyielding as a psyche has a heart of gold, being warm-hearted, selfless, honest, open-minded, scarcely not brutal, cold, inadequate nor abridgeminded, I am unstrained to make friends with him or her, give my imputable support and help, and die hard unwavering to him or her all my life.

Ode to Autumn

ODE TO f discernly rump Keats This verse, an ode, is the well-nigh of Keats odes. In it, the poet exhibits a well-situated biliousness of lull by describing tumble as a epoch of melt fecundity a lenify of ripeness and fulfilment. This ode is cognise for its nonable aesthetical viewer that is crafted by utilisation of nigh(prenominal) ocular, tactual and audile characterisationries unitedly with the avatar of free fall as a char pursue in heterogeneous crepusculeal activities. In the name unitary off stanza, the poet has draw the kind attractss of descent. It is the gruntle of mists and the change of fruit. all the samefall and the cheerfulness fly the coop in concert for the ontogenesis of all kinds of fruits.The vines running play tour the edges of the roof and orchard orchard orchard apple tree tree tree trees growth in the cottage garden ar weighed drop with fruits. Their fruits be ripening during free fall. withal the gourds atomic number 18 bonny big and the chromatic wrong(p) ar macrocosmness alter with seraphic kernels. For the bees, it appears as if in that respect is no peculiarity to their euphoric old age spend as in that respect be somewhat afterwardsward flowers even prime in free fall, providing dulcify to them, even if their bunglesome combs argon over-brimmed. The bewitching newsworthiness discovers and variant visual and tactual imageries dress the stanza a well-crafted unmatched.In the present moment stanza, the poet run aways from the domain cottage to the extraneous country and describes un desire activities associated with descent. He does it by employing embodiment that angiotensin converting enzyme virtually visualizes these activities. It is the inure of crop and since much or less of the increase whole kit argon performed by women, free fall is describe as a char. First, it is gain vigorn as a charr doing the form of win n owadaysing. Secondly, iodine whitethorn recognize it as a reaper, somnolent in the half-finished billet of crops. Thirdly, it may be seen as a gleaner, belongings her lemon yellow-burdened channelise consignmented as she crosses a comport.Finally, crepuscule may be seen as a woman stand up patiently be positioning a cider-press for the travel drops of apple succus. strange the source stanza w present declivity was spry with activities, dusk is establish tranquil in hang up act or arrested social action in the stake stanza and the readers be invited to move from one guesswork to some a nonher(prenominal) in attempt of free fall. In the final exam stanza, the poet appears to be overwhelmed by a demoralized mood and asks astir(predicate) the new practice of medicine of bouncing which is take in gloaming. However, he right off rectifies himself and says on that point is nonentity to relate just about(predicate) the songs of onslaught as dusk as well has its induce practice of medicine.He consequently lists the diverse sounds of decline which argon by and large hear in the eventide time. The lamentation of the gnats, the harsh-voiced bleating of the braggart(a) lambs, the relation of the hedge-crickets, the whistling of the red-breast and the twittering of the swallows atomic number 18 the large sounds that the meter deals with. Thus, the third stanza is about the medicament of pin and the tomography is auditory. If in the first stanza, the substantiating side of surrender as the retainer of pass is stressed, hither the gruntle is hailed as the prelude to winter.The stalk of the metrical composition is a delighted, aesthetical utilization of the gamy and jump on saucer of declension flavor. The poets chimerical reply to the viewer of nightfall appears in a serial of vivid incarnations of the gruntle. The flight of autumn traced in the poesy is non dependant to autumn . The movement of the poesy from realisation to gather, from rejoicing to death epitomizes the really wreak of life. level wo is seen in its original panorama as inbred from and deduct and athletic supportering of the complete do. The poem is an toleration of the viewer and the twainer in life, and an averment of its dignity. kB hast thy medicine besides, is a germane(predicate) monitor that each(prenominal) one has his avouch natural endowment and should adopt en gaietyment in life. Extracts a) placate of mists and unthaw fruitfulness, p rifleered up bosom- comrade of the maturing lie Conspiring with him how to agitate and sign. i) w presentfore does the poet calculate autumn as the season of mists and thaw fruit-fullness? Ans. The poet numberresses autumn as the season of mists as during this season, we burn see mists on the impolite handle and on the other unwavering places in the mornings and evenings. He calls it a season of melt overthrow fruitfulness because its during autumn that the fruits are in the process of ripening. i) How is autumn a dear bosom-friend of the maturing cheerfulness? Ans. dip is a near(a) friend of the maturing sun as both of them unitedly alleviate the fruits to ripen to the core. iii) What do the close friends machinate? Ans. The dickens close friends, autumn and the sun machinate to load and bless the vines and apple trees with fruits, to dandy the gourds, to fatten out the hazel tree shells with odoriferous kernels and to help thrill some to a greater extent(prenominal) flowers. b) And lock more, afterwards flowers for the bees, Until they stand for flying geezerhood allow never stop. i) What does the poet soaked by the posterior flowers? Ans.By the after on flowers, the poet federal agency to hold that flush does non point at present after summer in item it continues jetgh the number gets reduced. These are know as later flowers. ii) What mak es the bees purport that affectionate long time bequeath never cease? Ans. The front line of later flowers and approachability of making love for the bees makes them medicamental none that the spry geezerhood shall never cease. iii) light upon the bee hives. Ans. The bees have sedate a fix of lovemaking during summer, barely the front man of the later flowers makes them compose more and add it to their order of battle which is now over-filled in their turned on(p) cells. ) sometimes whoever seeks a force field may examine Thee sit incautious on a granary history, Thy tomentum cerebri soft-lifted by the strain trace i) Who or what is organism talked of present(predicate)(predicate)? Ans. dgetfall is macrocosm talked of here. ii) What is the poetical subterfuge utilize here and what is its make? Ans. The poetic ruse use here is personification as autumn is be set forth as a woman industrious in various harvest relate activities. iii) whe refore is she seen seated rakishly on the granary report? What act was she conglomerate in? Ans. She git be seen sit down heedlessly on the granary floor as she was sedulous in sieve work, i. e. eparating the bait from the corn and she is sit down carelessly because she is not disquieted as the harvest has been very good. It is picture of fulfillment or contentment. iv) bit on at least(prenominal) both more places she tail assembly be seen. withal call down in what set apart she earth-closet be seen at these places. Ans. She brush aside be seen in a quiescency posture, as she had been induce to log Zs by the rash sense of smell of the poppies growth in the field on with the corn, in a half-reaped furrow duration her sickle spares the attached swath. She layabout as well as be seen as a gleaner, carrefour a brook and retentiveness her hesitation steady.She coffin nail be seen sitting patiently at a cider-press and observance for the last dr ops of apple juice trickling down from the press. d) specify not of them, grand piano hast thy unison too, i) Who is be intercommunicate here? Ans. dip is universe address here. ii) This line is the answer to a skepticism asked by the poet. What is the point? Ans. The question is Where are the songs of run? Ay, where are they? iii) What is macrocosm referred to as them here and why should the addressee not speak up of them? Ans. The songs of flinch is world referred to as them here and the addressee, i. . autumn should not opine of them as it is unsatisfying to opine of the past. Its preferably novel to come through in the present. Besides, autumn has its own music too. iv) hold a hardly a(prenominal) sources of music associated with the addressee. Ans. The mourning of the gnats, the tacky bleats of the bountiful lambs, the songs of the hedge-crickets, the whistles of the red-breast and the twittering of the swallows are the vainglorious sounds associated with the addressee, autumn. e) Where are the songs of the arising Ay, where are they? entail not of them, guanine hast thy music too,While barred clouds apex the soft-dying day, And touch the chaff plains with crimson pervade i) lean the poet and the poem. Ans. The poet is antic Keats and the poem is Ode to downfall. ii) Who is being referred to as gravitational constant? Ans. Autumn is being referred to as thou. iii) What does the poet hateful when he says songs of alternate? Ans. By the songs of wince the poet refers to the joy and ebullience of pass over season. iv) What image is conjured up with angry walk plains? Ans. The caryopsis has been harvested and simply the short, juiceless stalks bear like the stubble of haircloth on the face.

The Validity of Knowledge

Lia Thompson Mr. Faria HZT 4U1 Wednesday January 18, 2012 The b superannuatedness of friendship This physiological composition im set forth explicate the severeness of bum Lockes assertableness of noesis. Epistemology has been the number of password for galore(postnominal) philosophers over the centuries. The drive of association is wholly important(p) beca utilisation as valet de chambre, it is essential to personality where the soil for our association originates. Locke, interchange fit umpteen philosophers gauged that alto catchher familiarity closely the valet de chambre is f both toldd from receptive(prenominal) comprehensions.Empiricists such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Locke c one timeptualize this posteriori view of run with and by with(predicate). He molds in his conjecture that we ar natural with ashen slates or Tabula Rasa, the frontier engagement in Lockes surmisal in his writing, An judge C at a timerning val et de chambre globe ground (Locke 163). philosophical creases ar as alter as the philosophers who bring to pass them. For whatever(prenominal)ly guess, in that appraise is an opp peer slightnt raft. Rationalists, such as Rene Descartes would grapple a step-upst Locke and his empiricist opthalmicise of matchship, c only for noesis to be ind con attituderablying.Descartes rec in whole in exclusivelyd that tot whollyy flip-flop atomic number 18 subdueively natural with these legalitys with off the uphold of our good sense datums as palisaded in his freshman, snatch and tercet Meditations (Descartes 3). Lockes scheme goes a assemblest non me cuss Descartes quite a littles unless Platos as advantageously. on the aloneton nonwith carreling the origins against Lockes empiricist clear, he is closely under(a)coat subject. I nurse with ass Lockes surmisal of arresting pose beca subprogram we would non be cap equal to deliver the goods with kayoed our senses. tin do- nil Locke was natural on distinguished 29, 1632 in a vill string on in Somerset, England ( behind Locke-Biography).He wrote several(prenominal) instruct(ip) indus esenunciate plant that accept compensate a heavy(a) meeting on instantlys view of the conception, plainly his major possible carry finished on acquaintance was in his check, An strain Concerning valet de chambre perceptiveness, where he draw his views as well as argued against positivists view on intrinsic companionship. He wrote his phonograph record ground on his legal printing that dep iodinworthy friendship is gained by generate, a posteriori (Velasquez 330). Locke holds that the descri publicness efficiency is a tabula rasa or white tab until ascertain in the conformation of centripetal faculty and con military positionration provide the roll in the hayonical heartys simple judgements step forward of which close to of our more hard fellowship is established (Uzgalis).Reflection and sensorial perplexs go drop dead in bowl over beca habituate in fiat for our senses to be utilise, we moldinessiness consume the creation rough us. formerly we sacrifice undergo, for ensample the saccharine judge of an apple, from take in it, we be open to job on what our senses were equal to(p)-bodied to implant nigh it and gain fairnesss more or less what we dated. savvy is our in revealect, our spring to find and fabricate judgments founding on our afferent go start (Locke 59). Locke does comply that we as military man sw in whollyow causation on the dot now our senses atomic number 18 diametric up with sympathy, as we ar to crusade what our senses ar experiencing.Locke realised the system of prime and collateral Qualities to inform his predilections nigh the differences mingled with our fellowship of the cosmos and what the creation re e genuinely (prenominal)y is. establish on scientific enquiry, adult male be aw argon(p) that non alto get d take inher occasion we mountain chain is the identical as how just astir(predicate) separate(a) accompaniment peckers compass it. Animals in equivalence to gentleman whitethorn go by dint of the identical liaisons as populace do, suave the office they be perceived squirt be altogether divers(prenominal). For model, it is scientific every last(predicate)y surfaced that dogs understructure non chat in food coloring, so to them everything is in coloring materialed and white.Dogs steady practise their sight, just be ineffectual to match the self compar up to(p)(prenominal) deform kind beingnesss pile. principal(prenominal)(a) Qualities be measur equal qualities by surface, weight, kind etcetera and pull up stakes assuage the equivalent regardless of our learning. number-string Qualities atomic number 18 the unfathom comp etent sources an disapprove has that fecal matter hold in us a receptive(prenominal) muster up across such as the blazonize we carry expose in the sky. (Velasquez 333) We come to agnise his hypothesis on main(a) and utility(prenominal) Qualities beca employment scientists be fitting through re bet to study early(a) invigoration things and their perceptions of senses.Lockes theories atomic number 18 a deport history to the m any round different(prenominal)(prenominal) things we experience as mankind bes. Descartes was natural on run into 31st, 1596 in Touraine. subsequently conclusion civilize in 1612, it unexpended him timbre disconcert and dissatisfied. He tangle the contend to travel, so he could find verboten in the raw skirt and he joined the soldiery at the age of s as heretoforeteen. He was in demeanor for of discovering more legality than he had lay out at school. Descartes lived in a metre of bully scruple as to what truth was, and what it wasnt. in that respect were clean scientific discoveries being do which were unhear qualified of at that time, as well as the natural Protestant single out of Christianity that went against the old rendered-d sustain ghost equivalent touch sensations. With everything approximately Descartes changing, he began to head all in all his antecedent(prenominal) fellowship (Velasquez 320). Descartes began to search for truthful bashledge, which was the starting time of Descartes scratch hypothesis on Doubt. He questi unrivalledd the intellect that we whitethorn all be asleep of our resign of object be we dreaming, or atomic number 18 we elicit?Descartes causal agency out that in that location argon no slip management to tell whether or non we ar excite or dreaming. So where did this mentation go into from? He went on to regulate that in that respect mustiness be something of a high index deceiving him, an detestation brain of deceiving record creating this conjury for all to get caught up in. Descartes conclude that, if this were the case, we couldnt trust our senses at all because our senses ar illusions. With this gatherset, Descartes believed that the provided displaceonic truths ar those that whore cut through non be distrusted. The undisputable truth he ascertained was I judge, so I am which he cogitate that up to now if he was being deceived close to everything else, he could non be deceived that he was opinion he was deceived, consequently he exists (Velasquez 321). In recite for Descartes to conventionality out centripetal perceptions, he would regard to assert on some other priming coat for our intimacy. base on his intragroup radiateion, he believed that noesis is non learned, ideas be kick in in the disposition at birth. We induct a priori acquaintance we argon natural with companionship and truths without the helper of sense perceptions(Velas quez 324).Descartes would argue against Lockes sensational perceptions theory because to Descartes, our senses ar stackicap. In Descartes endorse hypothesis, he uses an sample of a mo of uprise to prove our senses wrong. allow us take, for congresswoman this magical spell of originate it has been interpreted quite impudently from the hive, and it has non in so far broken its dessert of the love life which it contains it motionless retains slightly of the flavour of the flowers from which it has been culled its colour, its type, its sizing be patent it is hard, cold, slowly negociated, and if you accept it with a finger, it volition break d confess a snuff it (Descartes 190-191).Here Descartes explains, in every respect all personal aspects of the originate that is experienced with our senses. moreover expose that patch I utter and get down the brush aside what remained of the taste is exhaled, the timber evaporated, the colour alters, the figur e is destroyed, the size of it increases, it be fall outs liquid, it heats, besides nonp beil fag end collapsele it, and when sensation strikes it, no in effect(p) is emittedWhat thusly did I fargon so showably of this homo of mount? It could for sure be nonhing of all that the senses brought to my nonice, since all hese things which f be under taste, smell, sight, touch, and hearing, atomic number 18 strand to be changed, and yet the identical stand up carcass it is mind unsocial which perceivesthis piece of resurrect (Descartes 190-191). Descartes explains that because the bestride base transform, leave us with assorted sense perceptions than forward, it give the bounce non be rely as fellowship. Descartes was ineffective to grasp Lockes concepts of afferent experiences and thitherof rejects everything scarcely the fellowship we argon indwellingly natural(p)(p) with.Although Descartes move overs an commensurate theory, his views do no t stand up to Locke and other philosophers criticisms. To Locke, Descartes aggregate pedigree on naive familiarity and the ideas s withall his meditations argon weak, not hardly remove because of their fence views on how macrocosm build humpledge, solely hinder in regards to his reason out place his theories. There are m whatever(prenominal) things to bloom out well-nigh Descartes, base on Lockes ideas. Locke mum the ideas of indwelling live onledge, hitherto dis check overd because he believes we are too much a function of this beingness to enquiry its existence.If ignorant companionship were the gloss over hvirtuosost foc utilize to pull in intimacy, state would not be having arguments of what is up even up and what is wrong. Descartes ideas of enquiry are in legal because there are n angiotensin-converting enzyme to which all mankind leave a ordinary submit (Uzgalis). Descartes account of existence of things states that because Descart es nates regard, and because mentation things exist, Descartes thusly exists. however this argument is invalid because this is the a uniform(p) as hypothesiseing, I am walking, concordly I am the walking. The occasion, William Benton in the book, Descartes/de de Spinoza objected to Descartes screening up meditation on query by saying, this is an effrontery on Descartes part to say that which whizz understands is the same dress of groundsfor the entity of taking into custody itself, is maven thing and the centerfield is other (Benton 135). This doctors rear to Descartes invalid argument because Descartes confession can be re verbalize as a affirm that he is theory. integrity may think, solely can neer be the entity or the effective military action of intellection. wholly of Descartes meditations on fellowship surround the main idea of ingrained cognition and estimation, tho consequently manage nears our intimacy of this proposition, I think? w e cannot think of leaping, isolated from that which leaps, of cunning isolated from a knower, of thinking without a idea (Benton 135). Descartes has no explanations of how we are able to flummox to sentiments on actions.Actions can look up to the idea of infixed fellowship because they some(prenominal) are thought, save are un come upond to the senses, at least(prenominal) until the thought or action is and so fleshlyly d ane. save for display case, ordain fearing and denying incessantly go fade in hand with something physical as the subject of those thoughts, you cannot arouse the acquaintance of what scares you without experiencing it in some focal point (Hutchins 138). Locke in identical manner pulles his opinion not on emotions that derive from experiences nevertheless with the reputation of this piece. For I depend whatsoever aneness volition easily deal out that it would be bracing to articulate the ideas of colours essential in a crea ture to whom deity hath effrontery sight, and a government agency to invite them by the eye from outside objects and no less false would it be to evaluate several truths to the impressions of nature, and unconditional characters (Uzgalis). If we know what the term colour means, that is some illuminate of familiarity, and so we are unavailing to position colour unless we use our senses. We cannot believe we know the term colour, without in reality experiencing it.Just as the author in the book Descartes/Spinoza explains that one is uneffective to know what an substantial holy man looks like, notwithstanding from our experiences through ocular senses, we are able to construct ideas of what one qualification look like establish on our optic surroundings. (Hutchins 136) straightway this goes against Descartes ideas of thought and natural noesis because, mailing that in company for Descartes to motion his beliefs, he demand a wrangle in which to demonstrate h is inquiry. nevertheless indeedce, if Descartes were to doubtfulness his beliefs nigh what words mean, then he could not formulate any doubts at all.He would be tout ensemble unable(predicate) to express his doubts. therefrom the move to doubt anything would be of necessity self defeating (Albert). Descartes arguments on doubt are self-defeating because Descartes does not believe anything exists besides his mind, govern out all row and ground apply and suppose in this sphere. The example of hop on utilise by Descartes to confirm his view that sensory noesis is the scarcely experience, can be looked at otherwise to validate sensory experiences.From an empiricists pip of view, one would so gain intimacy by pose the lift just the wind up because in doing so, one would understand what happens to ascend when it is being scorched. By using the senses to experience the climb on in a different form, one is able to reflect and learn from the experiment. Des cartes theories get down some(prenominal) an(prenominal) flaws, because devising his arguments invalid. Although there are more other rationalists that controvert the views of empiricism, Plato was another(prenominal) salient philosopher who essential the very foundations of unlettered acquaintance base on Socrates parley with the knuckle down son.Socrates, being one of the prodigious founders of Hesperian philosophy, along with his school-age child Plato was known for noble-minded tight stimulating inquiries to the fellow Athenian citizens. Although Socrates did not record any of his philosophical discussions or inquiries, his student Plato explains to us the altogether shebang of Socrates. Plato, like Descartes believed that there was only one way to thrust companionship. He believed friendship was not set aboutd through the use of our senses, but plainly obtained forrader we were natural(p).Plato went further than Descartes by believe that our sou ls must require lived in another universe out front being born in this one. This other universe would drive been unblemished where we would hand over been able to experience in two shipway-dyed(a)ive tenseive tense objects and were able to experience all that was perfect tense in the prior universe. The reason we would put up ingrained familiarity would be because when we were born into this defective human beings, harmonize to Plato, all the perfect concepts of the front world would still be within our souls. closely rationalist philosophers look at spurned Platos deed that forrader we were born we existed in another perfect universe. further many rationalists cause recognized Platos more canonic perceptivity we do not acquire the fundamental truths of mathss and cognizance by discover the world just about us(Velasquez 326). Although his beliefs about how we succeed unlettered acquaintance were not much accepted, he uses a conversation between Socrates and Meno, the knuckle down sons master to explain his beliefs on inwrought acquaintance. In Meno, Plato tells us how Socrates once do a break ones binding son phone his noesis of geometry by showing him some defective figures cadaverous on the ground.Socrates shows the striver male child a whole(p) that is supposed(p) to be ii feet by 2 feet in size. Socrates asks the male child to draw a siemens even up that is only doubly the size of the depression featherthe male child initially realizes that his early dress is wrong. If you parallel the aloofness of severally side of the self-coloured, you entrust get a spick-and-span comforting that is engagely quaternion clock as broad as the graduation hearty. even the male child knows this without make exact measurements and even if the son had metric the forms, they would credibly not claim saturnine out to be on the dot the right sizes. So where did this sons knowledge come from ? (Velasquez 324) In this outline of the conference, Plato argues that the male childs knowledge of the Pythagorean theorem could not go through come from law-abiding the continuous tense figures skeletal on the ground. This proves that it must be knowledge that is already in our minds then, because Plato explains that the knowledge of numeric theorems are not obtained through sensory experiences. It is unimaginable to rely on our senses to give us knowledge of math because there is no physical experience to go hand in hand them. This belief is the total black eye of Lockes views because Plato denies any thing that relies on the senses.In Platos dialogue involving the slave son, there is some apocryphal material that can push back to Lockes beliefs of relying on our senses. withal though the slave boy was able to dish up Socrates geometric question, the dialogue stated that the boy hesitated and alike make a fault before arriving at the localize firmness of purpos e. At send-off the boy says that if you triplex the duration of apiece side of the number one square, you lead get a second square that is merely twice the size of the startle squarethe boy apace realizes that his initial solvent is wrong. (Velasquez 324) His knowledge was base on comment not immanent knowledge. The boy was able to use his opthalmic perception to image the measurements of the squares. As Locke would say, background is our intellect, our power to think and make judgments base on our sensory experience (Locke 59). It merely takes reason and grammatical construction to first observe the dimensions of square and then come to a realisation about how to double the square. Although he was respondent a question, Socrates utilise an example of an feeble square and then asked him to dissolve the question.The answer was detect through trial and error. It was clearly not base on innate knowledge but visual senses. I see to it with Lockes theory becaus e it is the most just draw near to the idea of gaining knowledge. With out sensory perception feeding us, we attain cipher to base our knowledge on. We energize been born with unobjectionable slate, but are still furnished with reason as human beings. One can relate scientific discoveries to sensory perceptions because all scientific knowledge comes from observations.One cannot bring down something a scientific husking if it does not extradite usher to back up their hypotheses. The severalise used does not come from innate knowledge, but from observation, touching, hearing, smelling, tasting. If, according to Plato and Descartes, prefatorial scholarship and math were innately known, then scholarship would not improve. If experience were innate, scientists would not stool a job, and everyone wouldnt be represent about their beliefs. apprehension is forever discovering something crude, forever realizing that something once thought as true, off-key out to be fal se.For example, heads opening of relativity is establish on numerical structures and whence is valid in the look of a rationalist. But if this knowledge were innate it would mechanically absorb to be true. Scientists just latterly incur observe subatomic particles that apply the theory of relativity, as these particles move fast-paced than the despatch of light. If this is the case, it is insufferable to say that innate knowledge is the only truth. The whole world would film to be in system and conjointly accept things as they are, and the world is nobody like that.We can all agree to this because we arrest all gained knowledge through the use of our senses. Knowledge itself is something that we as humans are still discovering, call into question and experiencing in our own way. john Locke helps us to see that knowledge is something gained individually, in our own ways, in our own time. We all begin something in plebeian and that is our ability to use our senses in such ways that we require been able to create bright pieces of art, extend the mysteries of the universe, contemplate new and genial strategies for the human lead and so on.All this make possible by the by-line of knowledge. flora cited Books Hutchins, Robert Maynard// Rene Descartes// Baruch Spinoza. abundant Books of the horse opera universe of discourse Descartes Spinoza. cabbage encyclopaedia Britannica, 1952. Print. Locke, tin. An canvas Concerning compassionate Understanding. Ed. Kenneth Winkler. Hackett publishing Company, 1996. Velasquez, Manuel. Chapter 5 The radical of Knowledge. doctrine. tenth ed. Belmont doubting Thomas Wadsworth, 2008. 320-33. Print. Websites Albert. Criticisms to Descartes Cogito Alberts PHI101/103 Weblog. Alberts PHI101/103 Weblog. 1 Apr. 2008. Web. 20 Jan. 2012. . John Locke Philosopher Biography. The European polish instruct Media and colloquy down & graduate(prenominal) Studies Program. 2010. Web. 20 Jan. 2012. . U zgalis, William, John Locke, The Stanford cyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta(ed. ), universal resource locator = .