How to wright an essay: 2019

Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Chretien De Troyess Romances - 1090 Words

The romance genre is centered around many themes, the most famous being love. The protagonist is almost always the one character that is receiving love or working towards obtaining love. The Romance genre began around the 12th century in Europe. The most famous author of that genre and time was none other than Chretien De Troyes. Troyes is the author of seven poems, four of which were completed by just him. The other three have been worked on and finished by other authors. In this essay the themes from two of his works will be discussed. The works being analyzed are The Knight of the Cart (Lancelot) and The Story of the Grail (Perceval). The first theme being discussed is love. Love would be the most common thing found inÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Finally, the theme of mercy will be explored. In the story The Knight of the Cart, Lancelot gives many characters second chances. Lancelot was quite strong in virtue for he showed many people how merciful he was. One example would be of when Lancelot fought the proud knight and was going to let him go. Yet, the girl on the tawny mule rode up and persuaded Lancelot to give her the proud knights head and so the knight was killed (lines 2784-2947). Even though the knight met his demise, the situation showed Lancelots mercy. The knight would have been alive if it were not for the girl coaxing Lancelot to kill him for her. An example from The Story of the Grail, Perceval shows mercy to people also. Perceval fights, wins, and shows mercy to both Anguingueron and Clamadeu. Perceval sends the two men to service the maiden which Kay had slapped in the beginning of the story. The examples from the two stories show that mercy is a common theme. Furthermore, mercy is found alongside of the theme of honor. Both virtues are found in knights in the time period of the romance stories. The themes discussed above are found in both Chreten De Troyess stories. The themes can also be found in many other romance st ories written in the 12th century. The difference between an epic and a romance is that epics glorify military victory and statuses; romancesShow MoreRelatedSir Gawain and the Green Knight and Romance Conventions Essay2226 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 9 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight and Romance Conventions In ChrÃƒ ©tien de TroyesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Yvain, Calogrenant relates his Ã¢â‚¬ËœadventureÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ in Broceliande. He meets a monstrous herdsman in a forest, who asks who Calogrenant is: Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ã¢â‚¬ËœI am, as you see, a knight looking for something IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢m unable to find: IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ve sought long and can find nothing.Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Ã¢â‚¬ËœAnd what would you want to find? Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Ã¢â‚¬ËœSome adventure, to put my prowess and courage to the proof.Ã¢â‚¬ As John Stevens observes, these lines Ã¢â‚¬Å"could serve almost as a classicRead More King Arthur Essay1157 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesArthurian literature can be divided into two basic categories, pseudo-histories and romances. The main difference between the two is that pseudo-histories such as Wace and much of the Celtic work, for example, Geoffrey of Monmouth show Arthur as a strong, central character, making him the dominant figure in the story. He is the one who goes on quests and battles, gaining respect and glory for his court. In romances, however, Arthur is most often overshadowed by his knights, staying mainly in the backgroundRead More Love and Prowess in The Knight with the Lion Essay3495 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 14 Pagesmany things of a knight. To the military ideals of prowess, loyalty, and honor it added the aristocratic ideal of largesse and, with the rise of the troubadour lyrics and romances, the ideal of courtly love. At times a knight could find these demands in conflict with o ne another. Such is the case with ChrÃƒ ©tien de Troyess romance The Knight with the Lion. In this story, the hero Yvain finds love while pursuing prowess; but, continuing to pursue prowess, he loses that love. In the adventures that followRead MoreCourtly Love in The Knights Tale and The Wife of Baths Tale1353 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagespersonal trials and tribulations, still exists today (Wollock 213). While this idea of daring exploits and melodramatic ideals is intriguing, in reality, courtly love is more of a literary invention. Through works such as ChrÃƒ ©tien de TroyesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Lancelot, Guilaume de LorrisÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Roman de la Rose, and ChaucerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Troilus and Criseyde, courtly love has evolved from an adventurous race towards love into one of the most important literary influences in Western culture (Ã¢â‚¬Å"Courtly LoveÃ¢â‚¬ ). While the ideals of courtlyRead MoreCourtly Love and Mediieval Romance7340 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 30 Pagessignificant question. Origin of the term Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcourtly loveÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ The term courtly love was given its original definition by Gaston Paris in 1883 in the journal Romania in the article Ãƒâ€°tudes sur les romans de la Table Ronde: Lancelot du Lac, II:Ã‚ Le conte de la charrette a treatise inspectingÃ‚ Chretien de TroyessÃ‚ Lancelot, the Knight of the CartÃ‚ (1177). The term courtly was derived from the term Ã¢â‚¬Ëœamour courtisÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ which according to Paris was an admiration and an ennobling discipline. The lover accepts the autonomy

Chretien De Troyess Romances - 1090 Words

Monday, December 16, 2019

Choosing English Essay Samples

Choosing English Essay Samples New Step by Step Roadmap for English Essay Samples As soon as you have gathered ideas on the subject, you must properly set your thoughts into words. Take a look at each question carefully and take a small time to work out the topic and what type of answer is going to be expected. Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning and the whole thought of your essay may be incomprehensible. Make certain that everything in that paragraph is related to the topic sentence. Our high-quality, but affordable assignment writing help is extremely pleased with our professional writers that are readily available to work effectively and efficiently to fulfill the tightest deadlines. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. Perhaps the most usual problem that students have, when they're assigned an essay, is they aren't even certain how to start. To get started it's important to recognize that learning English is of extreme importance for people in Spain. Most Noticeable English Essay Samples Because of this, you will need to concentrate on boosting your writing skills by your FTCE practice. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Normally, students simply run over stimulus and prompt and start to write immediately believing they will save yourself time this manner. The strat egies to use social media to raise students' productivity. An important point to bear in mind is to make certain you don't have a thing in the essay which is not related to your topic. Make certain that there is a smooth switch from 1 idea to another. Should you wish, highlight the vital words and phrases in the stimulus to have the ability to look at it from time to time to make sure you adhere to the topic. At other times, you might want to remind readers of the limitations of your specific research. One of the most significant influences in my personal life is the TTB program, said Boadi, that has been involved in the radio industry for the last decade. You should develop a notion and offer some evidence. Sometimes you might be asked to present your ideas before you've had an opportunity to completely interpret your research findings. English essay samples require in order to be thoroughly analyzed and understood for the youthful student before trying to compose his magnum opus. There's several essays completed by them. Chemistry is a subject which, basically, supplies you with useful information regarding the different substances or varieties of materials that compose the physical world around us and the way in which they behave or react with one another. In the past few years the Electoral College has come to be very controversial. An essay has to be composed of an introduc tion, a body, and a conclusion. You might also see persuasive essay. Once the essay itself should consist of 3 parts, it's desirable to create an outline for every one of them. Such sample essays can be very helpful, because they can give a complete picture of what a wonderful essay is. Additionally, there are zero limits for downloads! There's no ideal solution on the best way to compose an effective essay. Each Move has numerous stages. When you surf our site for recommendations that might help you write your own essay, you will discover many helpful tips. Australian essay writing service you may rely on. To structure an essay, you have to simply stick to the above mentioned format. Thirdly, don't forget about the proper editing. You need to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. Accordingly, so as to be given a high grade for the paper, the student should follow all of the formatting rules and norms. You could also see student essay. A proposal essay is quite easy to comprehend.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Music Manipulation free essay sample

There are many ways a CD player can manipulate, but I have chosen to talk about three specific methods. The first method is the commercial success of the artist. If an artist has found popularity or a lot of recognition a person may think its cool to feel the way the artist does about certain things. A person may change their fashion or anything to show they want to be as cool as the artist is or has as much popularity as the artist is. These are the main ways a person may become manipulated from listening to a certain group or person.The second way I believe, is how appealing the music is to that particular person. For example, if someone is not a Jazz fan then Jazz music will not have as much of an impact on him or her as Jazz would on a Jazz fan. You will listen to what the person is saying and their beliefs if you like the music in the first place. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Manipulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A person must like the music for it to sink into their mind enough to cause the manipulation to occur. The next manipulation is lyrical content. This lyrical content method is the most influential in my opinion.As mentioned before, if you like the music then you will be more likely to listen to it more closely to hear what the artist is trying to portray. You can be manipulated by the lyrics by starting to believe them yourself or feel a certain way about a social Issue. The lyrics can change your moods and your whole outlook on certain parts of life. For example, if your down about something and you listen too blues song, you will probably agree with what the artist is saying because you will believe that the artist feels that way to. These three ways of manipulation can change the listener somehow, so therefore the manipulation Is successful.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Love and Basketball free essay sample

It has a powerful message which is that if you want to get far in your desired career that you have to work hard for it and that it doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t come easy. And that the road to success may seem long and hard but when you get to the top, you will see that in the end it was worth all the hardship. A summary of the plot is that it starts off in 1981 in L. A. , Monica moves in next door to Quincy. Theyre 11, and both want to play in the NBA. They develop a love-hate relationship that continues into high school, with Monicas edge and Quincys top-dog attitude eventually separating them. As high school ends, they come together as a couple, but itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s not long till both of them are playing ball at USC, Quincys relationship with his father in a downward spiral, which leads to their relationship coming to a sudden halt. We will write a custom essay sample on Love and Basketball or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some years later, their pro careers in the balance, they meet again. Its about time for a final game of one-on-one with high stakes. They plot makes perfect sense and is easy to follow as there is nothing too complicated about it. On the other hand I donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t think that it is too predictable because it has many twists and turns lurking in its mists. In the film there are two main characters Quincy McCall (Omar Epps) and Monica Wright (Sanaa Lathan). Monica has an edgy attitude which aids to her determination to become the first woman ever to enter the NBA. On the other hand Quincy with his top-dog attitude is driven by the need to better than his father and to gain better accomplishments than his father, Zeke (Dennis Haysbert), who plays a basketball star for the Los Angeles Clippers. I liked the main characters a lot the film as a whole made me feel very sympathetic for them as young people trying to get on with their lives. Also it made me care about what happened to them as the story progressed. The performance of the two main characters was very realistic and believable it had me clinging onto the edge of my seat, hanging onto every word waiting to see what was going to happen next. I think that is what a good performance is supposed to achieve to leave people wanting more. Also I think that they were able to perceive the character they were playing very well and they never came out of character. I think the director (Gina Prince-Bythewood) did a brilliant job in this film she had a great understanding of her surroundings and the time and setting of her film. The pace of the story was right as it aided the story to flow together in one piece nothing was rushed so that viewers were able to take in every aspect of the story. The film is a good one to look at as there are many varied scenes for example; it has a scene where it cuts from a male basketball game to a female basketball game. I think this was done very cleverly to show the difference there is in the same game but with different genders and it is really an eye opener. Personally I enjoyed the film very much some of the good points where that it was realistic in the way that it didnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t show love as a fairy-tale as it is normally portrayed in romance films. It was shown in a way that people could easily relate to which made it even more admirable. On the other hand it did have some bad points too for example; some of the scenes where a bit too short so it seemed that the scene was incomplete and that something was missing. I would entirely recommend this to readers as it is a very down to earth film which is not covered in a silver lining. The sorts of people that I think would enjoy this film are people that like romance films with a bit of a twist but it is still realistic and relatable. I cannot compare this film to another one as I see it as a unique perception of how to balance your love life and your work life at once. Overall I would give this film five stars as it is one of the most memorable, down to earth, realistic and relatable love films I have ever watched and I would be willing to watch it many times more in the future.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Pronoun Use is NOT Rocket Science

Pronoun Use is NOT Rocket Science Pronoun Use is NOT Rocket Science Pronoun Use is NOT Rocket Science By Maeve Maddox What is so hard about knowing when to use I and when to use me? Why cant professional reporters and TV script writers get it straight? Florida fifth-grader Damon Weaver understands the subject form of the first person personal pronoun. In case youve missed him on YouTube, Damon Weaver is newly-famous for interviewing Senator Joe Biden and for being pushed away by Secret Service agents when trying to question Senator John McCain. A recent Google search for Damon Weaver racked up 1,740,000 hits. Before Weaver interviewed Biden, he interviewed a local TV reporter. The reporter used me where he should have used I. Later on, Weaver demonstrated his own grasp of the grammatical concept by using I correctly. Last night, veging out in front of the TV, I was treated to three examples of incorrect pronoun use in a row. Two occurred in The Mentalist: She and him were sneaking around behind my back. At least we know it wasnt her that killed Cara. Then, barely a minute into Without A Trace, came this one: Me and my mom used to go there. Come on, writers! If a ten-year-old can get it straight, whats your excuse? Fifth-Grader Has Better Grammar than News Reporter (Link no longer active) Grammar 101: Pronouns TVs War on Me and I Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases"Owing to" vs "Due to"

Friday, November 22, 2019

The Definition of Natural Experiment in Economics

The Definition of Natural Experiment in Economics AÃ‚ natural experimentÃ‚ is an empirical or observational study in which the control and experimental variables of interest are not artificially manipulated by researchers but instead are allowed to be influenced by nature or factors outside of the researchers control. Unlike traditional randomized experiments, natural experiments are not controlled by researchersÃ‚ but rather observed and analyzed. Natural Experiments Versus Observational Studies So if natural experiments are not controlled but rather observed by researchers, what is there to distinguish them from purely observational studies? The answer is that natural experiments still follow the primary principles of experimental study. Natural experiments are most effective when they mimic as closely as possible the existence of test and control groups of controlled experiments, which is to say that there is a clearly defined exposure to some condition in a clearly defined population and the absence of that exposure in another similar population for comparison. When such groups are present, the processes behind natural experiments are said to resemble randomization even when researchers do not interfere. Under these conditions, observed outcomes of natural experiments can feasibly be credited to the exposure meaning that there is some cause for belief in a causal relationship as opposed to simple correlation. It is this characteristic of natural experiments - the effective comparison that makes a case for the existence of a causal relationship - that distinguishes natural experiments from purely non-experimental observational studies. But that is not to say that natural experiments arent without their critics and validation difficulties. In practice, the circumstances surrounding a natural experiment are often complex and their observations will never unequivocally prove causation. Instead, they provide an important inferential method through which researchers can gather information about a research question upon which data might otherwise not be available. Natural Experiments in Economics In the social sciences, particularly economics, the expensive nature and limitations of traditionally controlled experiments involving human subjects has long been recognized as a limitation for the development and progress of the field. As such, natural experiments provide a rare testing ground for economists and their colleagues. Natural experiments are used when such controlled experimentation would be too difficult, expensive, or unethical as is the case with many human experiments. Opportunities for natural experimentation are of the utmost importance to subjects like epidemiology or the study of health and disease conditions in defined populations in which experimental study would problematic, to say the least. But natural experiments are also used by researchers in the field of economics to study otherwise difficult to test subjects and are often possible when there is some change in law, policy, or practice in a defined space like a nation, jurisdiction, or even social group. Some examples of economics research questions that have been studied through natural experimentation include: The return on investment of higher education in American adultsThe effect of military service on lifetime earningÃ‚ The effect of public smoking bans on hospital admissions Journal Articles on Natural Experiment: The Economic Consequences of Unwed Motherhood: Using Twin Births as a Natural ExperimentNatural and Quasi-Experiments in EconomicsA Natural Experiment in Jeopardy!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Business research proposal on engaging business and people Paper

Business proposal on engaging business and people - Research Paper Example Customer Satisfaction 11 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 12 V. Hypotheses 12 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 12 VI. Analysis of the Variable 12 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 12 VII. Research Methodology 14 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 14 A. Population/Sample Size/Data Collection 14 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 14 1. Population 14 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 14 2. Sample Size/Participants 14 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 15 3. Data Collection Method 15 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 15 4. Data Analysis 15 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 15 VIII. Limitations of the Study 15 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 16 IX. Resources 16 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 16 Proposal for a Research Paper on Etisalat, UAE I. Synopsis of the Company: Emirates Telecommunication Corporation (Etisalat) is the leading telecommunications corporation in the Middle East, with its headquarters in Abu Dhabi, UAE, and also the Ã¢â‚¬Å"largest operator the Middle East and Africa regionsÃ¢â‚¬ (Company Profile par.2). The company caters to consumers, telecommunication companies, internet service providers, content providers as well as mobile operators and boasts of a market value of over Ã¢â‚¬Å"AED 80 billion (US$ 20 billion)Ã¢â‚¬ and their annua l revenues account for Ã¢â‚¬Å"AED 30 billion (US$ 8 billion)Ã¢â‚¬ (par.2). The company is involved in operations in 18 countries spread across Asian, African and Middle East regions with a coverage of over Ã¢â‚¬Å"140 million subscribersÃ¢â‚¬ (par.3). The company has received several accolades at national as well as international levels in recognition of their excellent customer service and support. Etisalat aligns innovative technology in their products and services to derive maximum customer service satisfaction and always strives to provide their consumers as well as the other stakeholders with updated technological support. The company, keeping its promise to customers has launched nano-SIM cards in the UAE market to support iPhone-5 compatibility, with a plan for offering Ã¢â‚¬Å"new equipment to customers allowing them to choose from a wide rangeÃ¢â‚¬ (Etisalat Launches the nano-SIM cards in UAE markets Starting 1st October 2012 par.3). Thus Etisalat has a proper appreciat ion of the customersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ needs and wants and provide them with up to date technology and multiple to choose from tailor made options that fit the needs of each segment. Overall, the company has been successful in understanding the customersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ needs and promptly responding to them in terms of innovative products that match their requirements and facilitating prompt after sales services. Thus, the company has sustained its track record of apt customer support and thereby ensured their full satisfaction. The companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Annual Report for the year ending 31-12-2010 indicates that they have had to confront several challenges due to the radical shifts in the global business scenario but it appears that Etisalat has taken the situation in good stride and the changes Ã¢â‚¬Å"prepared (them) to operate in a new environment under diverse circumstancesÃ¢â‚¬ rather than create blockades in their path to progress (Engaging Business People 3). Thus, it transpires that through effe ctive corporate management strategies, the company has acquired the required level of performance efficiency that enables them to not only sustain but also surpass competition. II. Research Proposal Purpose of the Study: Founded during 1976, Etisalat has pursued a distinct strategy of focusing on long term objectives as can be evidenced from their establishing the Etisalat University College in 1989 to Ã¢â‚¬Å"create a talent pool of engineers to drive its future growthÃ¢â‚¬ (History Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Milestones). The intervening span of time from 1991-1999 has seen the company tapping the full potential of emerging technologies such as wireless

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

England and Its Colonies in The Moonstone (by Wilkie Collins) Term Paper

England and Its Colonies in The Moonstone (by Wilkie Collins) - Term Paper Example EliotÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s comment: Ã¢â‚¬Å"The first and greatest of English detective novels... a genre invented by Collins and not by PoeÃ¢â‚¬ (310). Rarely has the novel been thematically known exposing British colonial relations with India. John Reed first paid attention to this in his 1973 seminal essay, Ã¢â‚¬Å"English Imperialism and the Unacknowledged Crime of The Moonstone,Ã¢â‚¬ where he argued that, what the novel probes is, actually, not the personal but the national guilt, neither is the individual but national values. Meaning, the novel does not simply uncover a personal crime, but rather the social crime of imperial British against its subjected race, India. (qtd. in Sabin 89) On the contrary, Ashish Roy sees the novel essentially defending British imperialism by showing that good Victorians, like Lady Verinder, never condone such violent abuses. (qtd. in Sabin 89) Nayder somewhat supports RoyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s contrary view, saying that, though The Moonstone evidently proves that Victor ian detective fiction investigates socio-political issues from imperialism to class and gender relations, its investigation usually ends up blurring the guilt or crime of British imperialists, while putting the colonised race into negative light (184). For example, Blake, Murthwaite, Bruff and Sgt. Cuff, though, had wrongly accused the Brahmans of stealing the moonstone; nevertheless, the Brahmans had been portrayed ruthless killers in the novel. Likewise, Trollope suggests that The MoonstoneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s diamond mystery actually shrouded rather than exposed BritainÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s real interest in India which is not simply IndiaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s wealth but its land (qtd. in Daly 66). Britain wants to possess India for its territorial expansion, and not to simply loot its wealth. Whether, for or against, the theme of British imperialism is evident in the novelÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s texts. Moreover, Spivak noted that, it would be impossible reading the 19th century British literature without taking into account Bri tish imperialism, which England made its noble mission to society, because that was the very social context with which authors create their imagination (qtd. in Jolly 381). Thus, understanding CollinsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s work from this perspective would not be irrelevant. As Nayder explains, authors of Victorian detective fiction thematically make use of crime and policing to subtly examine broader social issues (178). Looking through The MoonstoneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s plot, theme, symbolisms, characterisation, and literary technique, the novel evidently fits this description. The novel is not simply a detective or a romance-detective fiction; imbedded in its intricate plots of crime investigation is the exposition of British imperialism, mainly demonstrated in a master/superior (English) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ subject/inferior (Indian) relationship. A. The Novel 1. Backgrounder The Moonstone, which Collins had started by mid-1867 in his mid-forties, was his fourth but also his last best novel. After this, his succeedi ng works were considered either mediocre or failure; such was attributed to his deteriorating health condition at that time. (Page 20) Significantly so, he wrote The Moonstone at the most pressing time of his life: His most beloved mother got sick and died while he was painfully suffering from his worst attack of rheumatic gout, disenabling him to attend his motherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s funeral. But against all these, he had to keep writing; much has yet to be written for the magazines, All the Year Round (England) and HarperÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Weekly (USA), which had started serialising The Moonstone, not to mention his

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Ethics, values, and social responsibility Essay Example for Free

Ethics, values, and social responsibility Essay In the finance field there are a number of ethical issues although many issues in this field are governed by law. Ethical issues in finance include individual conduct, financial institution operations and financial markets operations. In this field people are trained to perform different duties and thus finance ethics is diversified. However, the top five issues in this field include honesty and fairness, fraud, conflicts of interest, discrimination and information technology. Honesty and fairness in this field has raised much dispute. Because of the intense competition in the world, many people view the conditions in a business to be similar to those in a game of sport or war and thus anything is considered to be fair. On the other hand there are those who argue that not everything is considered to be honest and fair. This has therefore led to ethical issues in this field regarding what is honest and fair and what is not. Conflicts of interest is mainly observed in situations where an individual is placed in a position of making a decision on whether to pursue personal interests or the interests of other individuals or business. Similar, it can involve an organization making a choice on whether to pursue own interests or the interest of the society. The issue concerning fraud primarily entails the disclosure of valuable information which is vitally important for security. It also involves misrepresentation of material evidence intentionally. There are several types of fraud and this may include; accounting, marketing and consumer fraud. Discrimination is an ethical issue which can involve an individual or a business. Some individuals or businesses abuse others by enticing them and exploiting them. In addition to that it may include issues regarding race, gender among others. To add to that there are some cases which involve price discrimination. In information technology, the issue entails the privacy and confidentiality of information on matters concerning the employees and consumers. Privacy and confidentiality is essential in this field however there may be some cases where it is not ensured. This has therefore led to ethical issues concerning what is privacy. In addition to that there are ethical issues which involve protection of intellectual property. Ranking The top five issues can be arranged in descending order as honest and fairness, conflict of interest, fraud, discrimination and information technology (College of Micronesia, n. d. ). Honesty and fairness are major issues since they affect all levels of an organization, and are much experienced by society. Furthermore, controlling this issue other issues will be taken care of. For instance, an organization which is honest and fair, issues concerning fraud, discrimination, conflict of interest and information technology are minimal. Analysis Honesty and fairness In the financial market fairness is taken to mean a level playing field for everyone. However, in most cases the playing field is unleveled and this can be attributed to issues concerning inequalities in the bargaining power, possession of information, resources available, among others. Inequalities in the bargaining power and resources are considered to be ethical only when used coercively and violate rights and obligations (Frederick, 2002). This implies that individuals or organization are only allowed to use their advantages in ways that are considered fair to others. Additionally, individuals can use their resources to acquire information which they are entitled to exploit to their advantage. This has made access to information an issue of investment thereby leading to inaccessibility to critical information by some individuals. To acquire information individual must invest adequate resources. Ethical issues arise over accessibility of information, how the information should be distributed to ensure equality. Fraud In sales concerning financial products like insurance policies, loans, mutual funds among others, application of ethical standards is a requirement. Hence businesses are given the mandate to ensure adequate material information is available. There are regulatory agencies which monitor prospectus for mutual funds, however, personal sales and advertisements can contain false or misleading information (Frederick, 2002). Additionally, this is an issue which has been observed in the stock market and in many businesses. Some individuals conceal valuable information to lure more customers to their businesses. For instance, in the stock market assets of a particular organization may be inflated or some of its liabilities may be concealed. This issue has led to large losses in many investment companies and to individuals (Frederick, 2002). Since assessing the risk and suitability for an investment has been made difficult with inadequate material information. Conflict of interest This is issue which is primarily observed in agents, fiduciaries and financial managers, in which the personal interest interferes with the interests of the organization or society. Agents and fiduciaries are given the mandate to act on behalf of others in exercising judgment, however, in cases where they stand to gain personally their judgments may be compromised. Additionally, financial managers are given the mandate to manage assets prudently and thus avoid using them for personal gains however, in some cases conflict of interest might occur. For instance, management buyouts whereby a group of managers take a public organization to be private are an ethical issue. This issue occurs mainly since the actions to be performed by an individual are not fully specified before the transaction and thus an individual is given a wide range of options. In addition to that they are not closely monitored and evaluated. This has led to huge losses being incurred by individuals and companies. For instance, some banks have collapse and this was attributed to rogue traders (Frederick, 2002). Discrimination This issue observed mainly in financial products and it involves abusive practices of selling such as flipping and twisting. In flipping one loan is replaced by another for generation of additional fees. While in twisting, insurance agents persuade their clients to replace the existing policy in order to get commission (Frederick, 2002). Some financial institution abuse poor individuals by offering them loans of high interest and by adding little values to lure them. Furthermore, in some institutions there are cases of discrimination in employment on matters concerning race and gender. Information technology Maintaining privacy and confidentiality of information in many business has been difficult because of the cost of technology. As technology advances it becomes more expensive to ensure privacy of employees and clients information. Furthermore, with the increase in number of people of accessing the internet maintaining privacy and confidentiality has become difficult. This has therefore led to loss of confident by the public since they cannot trust some organizations to protect their personal information. Solutions and recommendations The issue of conflict of interests can be addressed by closely monitoring individuals and by changing the structure of the relationship. For instance, the commissions can be focused mainly on performance of the clients portfolios and not on the volumes of sales. Additionally, professionalism, trust and codes of ethics should be strongly emphasized in relationships in order to guarantee the confidence from the society. Fraud and discrimination issues can be solved in courts. There are laws which were put in place in place to protect people against abuse or discrimination. For instance, the Employment Act protects employees against discrimination and harassment. Furthermore, the pre-dispute arbitration agreement should be amended or individuals should avoid it. This agreement may have several advantages but denies adequate protection to investors. Maintaining privacy and confidentiality of clients and employees information require much funding. It is essential for organizations to invest more funds in acquiring knowledge and skills concerning privacy and confidentiality in the information technology. By ensuring privacy and confidentiality, public confidence will be build. Social responsibility is essential for ensuring ethical standards are maintained in the society. When making decisions, people should consider their effects to the society and to themselves. This will ensure that ethical issues are maintained. Additionally, since businesses cannot be trusted to maintain ethical standards, some laws have been passed to ensure social responsibility. For instance there are laws concerning consumer safety and environment protection. This is a step forward in ensuring ethical standards. Furthermore, there are some financial institutions which have developed and implemented strict policies that ensure ethical standards are adhered. For instance there are policies concerning privacy and confidentiality of employeesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ and customersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ information. In conclusion, maintenance of ethical standards should not be the responsibility of an individual or an organization but should involve the whole society. By maintaining ethical standards the society and organizations will be protected from any harm and at the same time eliminate conflict. Even though ethical standards vary from one society to another, they should be understood and maintained adequately. Reference list College of Micronesia, (n. d. ). Code of Ethics. Retrieved June 18, 2009 from http://www. comfsm. fm/~dleeling/alo/personnel/code_of_ethics. html Frederick R. (2002). A companion to business ethics. Edition: 1. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 154-59.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Fuel Cell Technology :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Fuel Cell Technology Fuel Cells are a hot topic these days between the soon to come fuel cell cars that Toyota and Honda plan on unveiling this year and the $1.2 billion president Bush announced he would dedicate to fuel cell research during his State of the Union address. The least efficient of these electrochemical energy converters are at least as efficient as internal combustion engines and many are doubly as efficient when using special techniques. Exhaust from fuel cells is extremely clean, often consisting only of water. Although some use hydrocarbons, fuel cells give off around one one-hundredth of the pollutants given off by an internal combustion engine using the same amount of fuel (Fuel Cell Technology Handbook). Unfortunately some engineering and infrastructure problems, especially costs, are keeping fuel cells from commercial viability right now. A Brief History of Fuel Cell Technology The ideas behind fuel cells have existed for around one hundred and sixty years. Sir William Grove is cited as the first person to think that one could produce a current by reversing the electrolysis of water (SAE.org). However, it was until fifty years later that the term Ã¢â‚¬Ëœfuel cellÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ was coined by two researchers, Charles Langer and Ludwig Mond, trying to invent the first viable fuel cell fueled by coal gas (SAE.org). The technology lay dormant for most of the early twentieth century because of great advances in the use of internal combustion engines. It wasnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t until 1959 that practical fuel cells were first demonstrated. NASA quickly took interest in the technology for the Apollo missions and since there has been a renaissance in research and development of fuel cells. Currently, there are on the order of hundreds of fuel cell generators in operation world wide, cities such as L.A., Chicago, and New York, own fuel cell powered public transit vehicles, and both Honda and Toyota plan on making fuel cell powered car commercially available within one year (fuelcells.org). How a Fuel Cell Works A fuel cell is an energy converter that uses electrochemical energy to create an electric current. Because they use electrochemistry for power, fuel cells are often likened to batteries that run on fuel. This description is not a bad one, but to be more precise, a fuel cell creates direct current by ionizing a fuel and then moving those ions through a circuit. The three main components are the anode (negatively charged piece), cathode (positively charge piece), and electrolyte (medium for the transfer of ions). Fuel, typically hydrogen, is ionized at the anode by a catalyst (substance that can change an interaction, but does not change the chemistry of it).

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Caliban and Trinculo Essay

Caliban and Trinculo are hiding underneath CalibanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s cloak because they are afraid of the storm and of what other beings are approaching them. Stefano has discovered what he thinks is a creature with four legs and two heads, which is really CalibanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s and TrinculoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s legs next to each other and both of their voices. The use of language in this extract differs between characters. StefanoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s use of language is blunt and basic English. The fact that he is drunk adds to the effect that his words are slightly slurred. Stefano and Trinculo are both very low down in the hierarchy, Stefano is the AlonsoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s butler and Trinculo is his jester, and this also means that they would not have been taught proper English and so would not have been able to speak in clear, full sentences even when they were not scared of the storm and drunk. CalibanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s language however is a lot nobler and it is of much better English than those of Trinculo and Stefano. This is strange because it would be much more correct to have it the other way around with Trinculo and Stefano speaking better English than Caliban. The reason for this is because when Prospero first discovered Caliban, he treated him nicely and with some respect and Miranda also taught him to speak properly and eloquently and so he sounds like a nobler creature than he actually appears to others. Stefano plays a minor role in the play but provides much of the humour and acts as a contrast between those characters high up in the hierarchy and Caliban. Stefano and Trinculo do no measure up to characters like Alonso, Sebastian and Antonio, but both men have very similar characters. TrinculoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s role in the play is to convey to the audience the comedy and humour that most of the traditional plays of that time contained. However, because he, like Stefano, sees Caliban as a source of future income, he gets jealous because Caliban has chosen Stefano to be his master. When the opportunity arises, he is more interested in getting as much as he can than in fairness. There are many different themes to ShakespeareÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s play, Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe TempestÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, and they all occur frequently. One of these is sovereignty. It is connected repeatedly to Alonso and the usurpation of the throne of Naples and of the Dukedom of Milan. The occurrence of this theme in this passage is when Stefano has just discovered Trinculo hiding from the storm underneath CalibanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s cloak and Trinculo says, Ã¢â‚¬ËœAnd art thou living, Stefano? O Stefano, two Neapolitans Ã¢â‚¬Ëœscaped? Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Trinculo is asking Stefano if they are the only two people to survive the storm. They think that they are the only ones to survive and so they now believe that they are in line for the throne now that the king, his son and all of the others are out of the way. This also connects to the theme of usurpation which is also echoed frequently throughout the play. Other examples of usurpation in this extract and throughout the play are numerous. One of the main ones is when Antonio and Sebastian conspire to kill Alonso and Gonzalo whilst they slept in order to take over the throne of Naples together.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Kraft Foods and Corporate Social Responsibility

Global Challenges Individual Assignment: Kraft Foods and CSR. 2012 Global Challenges Table of Contents Table of Contents1 1. 0Introduction2 2. 0Application3 2. 1Kraft Foods Inc. 3 2. 2PESTEL Analysis3 2. 3SWOT Analysis5 2. 4Porters Five Forces5 2. 5Management at Kraft Foods Inc. 6 3. 0Corporate Social Responsibility6 3. 1Impact of CSR on Kraft Foods Inc6 4. 0Conclusion7 5. 0Recommendations7 6. 0References8 1. 0 Introduction Management is a term that is used and heard of every day and a role that is undertaken everywhere you go. ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s the ability to maintain and produce the best from a team or from a task, the activity of completing a task using the resources that are available and taking responsibility of the situation in hand. Even as individuals everyone participates in management in one form or another, whether itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s in a work environment or simply from the everyday running of life. In a business sense however, Ã¢â‚¬Ëœmanagement is the jobs within an organisation charged with running the organisation on behalf of the beneficial ownerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Pg no 294, Martin, 2005). This report is going to examine the different principles and models of management, how it can be applied to individual companies and businesses and then go on further to examine Corporate Social Responsibility and how firms use this. Ã¢â‚¬ËœAccording to Mintzberg (1973) there are ten management roles, these are Ã¢â‚¬ËœMonitor, Disseminator, Spokesperson, Figurehead, Leader, Liaison, Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, Resource allocator and NegotiatorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. Mintzberg proposes that every managerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s role combines a number of roles, rather than ten individual roles. (Boddy, 2009) For example a CEO of a company could be a figurehead, a spokesperson, a leader as well as the negotiator; but he would assign the other roles to other specific managers or colleagues. Management involves a vast amount of planning as its sets out the direction of the work that needs to be done and the objectives that need to be achieved. According to Boddy (2011) Ã¢â‚¬ËœSMART acronym summarises criteria for assessing a set of goalsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. This covers: Specific Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Does the goal set specific targets? Measurable Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Ensure you can measure the progress towards the attainment of the goal Attainable Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Assuring the goals are challenging but reachable Rewarded- A reward is obtained for succeeding the goal Times Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The time scale of which the goal is to be achieved in Boddy (2010) proposes that Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢goals and objectives are the sameÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. However in cases like this it could be argued that they are different in which the goal is the overall target or aim, and the plan which looks at what is involved to obtain this goal is made up of individual objectives at each level. A widely used management model used within virtually every company is the Competing Values Framework. Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢It has been named as one of the fifty most important models in the history of business and has been studied and tested in organisations for more than twenty five yearsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (CVF, 2009). The model is made up of four components and each quadrant represents a different model and the roles that are played within the model; which can be seen in the diagram below in Figure 1. 1. The following section will demonstrate how the framework can be applied to individual companies. Figure 1. 1 Competing Values Framework. Source: Octogram. net (2005) 2. 0 Application 3. 1 Kraft Foods Inc. Kraft Foods Inc. is the second largest food company in the world generating annual revenue of ? 54. 4 billion. The company was founded in 1903 in Chicago, North America, where their headquarters are still based, and shares began trading on the New York Stock Exchange in 1991. They have over 126,000 employees in over 70 countries and they sell products to consumers in 170 countries. KraftÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s products are divided into five categories: snacks and cereals, beverages, cheese and dairy, grocery, and convenient meals. Popular household name brands include Philadelphia, Oreo and Cadburys, which they recently acquired in 2010 for $18. 5billion. The acquisition created the worldÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s largest confectioner, and confectionary now makes up for 28% of their net revenues. (Kraft Foods, 2012) In 2011 Kraft announced its intent to create two independent public companies by the end of 2012 as a strategic approach for growth; one being a high growth global snack business and the other a high margin North American grocery business. 3. 2 PESTEL Analysis Ã¢â‚¬ËœPESTEL analysis is a useful tool to understand the macro-environment in which Kraft Food Inc. perates and how these factors affect the company. PESTEL framework helps evaluate the risks associated with market growth or decline, and the position and direction of the company. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bender and Ward, 2008) It examines six different segments, which are: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. Although there are many factors which fall under each of the segments of the PESTEL analysis it is important to analyse them and select the most significant factors which have the greatest effect on the company. POLITICAL Kraft Foods Inc. s subject to various federal and state laws in the U. S relating to the protection of the environment. They also have manufacturing facilities in 70 countries and consumers in 170 countries which subjects them to individual environmental laws, health and hygiene regulations in every country which they operate. ECONOMIC As Kraft operates in 170 different countries, currency fluctuations and unfavourable exchange rates can put pressure on the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s earnings, particularly with the current Eurozone crisis. Ã¢â‚¬ËœIncreased unemployment in the U. S and other countries will lead consumers to cut spending on premium quality productsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ such as those made by Kraft Foods Inc. (Bloomberg,2010) SOCIAL Diet patterns are rapidly changing in emerging economies like Brazil, China and India. The people in these countries are spending more on packaged food and this social drift has provided companies like Kraft to look towards emerging markets to increase revenues. (Yahoo Finance, 2010) Consumers are also getting increasingly aware about health implications of food which can cause obesity. Ã¢â‚¬ËœFederal Trade Commission reported that child obesity in the U. S has quadrupled in the last four decadesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ (RWJF, 2008). Food and Beverage companies need to respond to these changes to maintain its market share and profits. TECHNOLOGICAL Ã¢â‚¬ËœKraft is investing heavily in new technology to reduce carbon dioxide emission and protect the environment. They have adopted a policy where there is increased use of rail and barge transport instead of using trucks. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Kraft Foods, 2010) ENVIRONMENTAL There is increased pressure from governments and the general public about the way companies operate and their effect on the environment. Ã¢â‚¬ËœIn 2008 Kraft Foods Inc. ame under pressure when Rainforest Action Network asked companies such as Kraft Foods Inc. to stop buying palm oil from Indonesia to prevent deforestation. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (CNN, 2008) LEGAL Kraft operates in a highly regulated environment with a constantly evolving legal and regulatory framework around the world; particularly when selling products for human consumption involves inheren t risks such as contamination. Ã¢â‚¬ËœCadbury, now owned by Kraft Foods Inc. had to recall 11 chocolate types in China in 2008 when at least 50,000 babies fell ill and 4 died by milk tainted with an industrial chemical. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (BBC, 2008) 3. SWOT Analysis Another approach that companies implement is the SWOT analysis. Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢The core of this approach is a simple and eminently reasonable strategy that is concerned with identifying opportunities in the enterprises external environmentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Pg No 721, Linstead, Fulop & Lilley, 2009). This analysis examines the strengths and weaknesses internal to the company and then the external opportunities and threats. In Kraft Foods Inc. case the strengths that can be identified are that they are the worldÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s second largest food company and they have strong brand equity with over 100 years heritage. However their weaknesses are that the Cadburys acquisition resulted in added debt pressure and they are subject to cut throat competition from rivals such as Nestle. From the external point of view an opportunity for the company is that they could centre new products in the health related market such as introducing low fat or organic products. But on the other hand a threat for Kraft is that the Cadburys acquisition resulted in a lot of protests and bad media from the British which resulted in a drop of profit margins. 3. 4 Porters Five Forces PorterÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s five forces is an analysis framework that identifies the competitiveness intensity and the five forces most relevant to the profitability of the company. Ã¢â‚¬ËœAccording to Porter (1980a) the ability to earn an acceptable return depends on five forces Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the ability of new competitors to enter the industry, the threat of substitute products, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers and the rivalry amongst existing customersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Boddy, 2008, Pg No 93). This framework is demonstrated in the diagram below in Figure 2. 1. Figure 2. Porters Five Forces. Source: Wikepedia When looking at the bargaining power of suppliers with Kraft Food Inc. suppliers do not hold much power to enforce the company to extract their profits due to the competitive nature of the industry. Buyers however have an opportunity to extract firm profits as demand changes over the period of time. Due to intense competition in the market, there is a low possibility fo r new entrants to capture the market, and the threat of substitute products is medium as Kraft Foods Inc. hold such a large market share in the industry. Finally competitors such as Nestle and KelloggÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s are spending enormous sums of money for the promotion and advertising of their brands yet Kraft Foods Inc. is still the second largest in the world. 3. 5 Management at Kraft Foods Inc. As previously mentioned in the introduction, every businessÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s management model can be applied to the Current Values Framework. When analysing KraftÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s business strategy and management it is evident that their current dominant model is the Rational Goal Model. This model focuses towards maximisation of output and making a profit. Of course, the vast majority of companies would be dominantly working from this model as every company needs to make a profit in order to survive; although successful models of management relate to all four of the segments. Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢The basic assumption of the Rational Goal Model is that clear direction leads to productive outcomes. There is a continuing emphasis on processes such as goal clarification, rational analysis, and action taking. All decisions are driven by consideration of the bottom lineÃ¢â‚¬ . (Taylor, 1911) Kraft Foods Inc. hows elements of dominantly using this model from their hostile acquisition of Cadburys and with their intent to create two independent public companies as a strategic approach for growth. 3. 0 Corporate Social Responsibility Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Corporate Social Responsibility is the business contribution to sustainable development goals. Essentially it is about how business takes account of its economic, social and environmental impacts in the wa y it operates Ã¢â‚¬â€œ maximising the benefits and minimising the downsides. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (CSR, 2009) 4. 6 Impact of CSR on Kraft Foods Inc Kraft Foods Inc. as thrown into the media in 2010 with their hostile acquisition of CadburyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s. CadburyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s unions opposed to the take-over in fear that there would be big job cuts, and UK politicians even weighed in voicing their concerns. Ã¢â‚¬ËœFollowing the acquisition five senior executives of Cadburys quit and only 30% of the leadership positions were made available to Cadburys staff. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (FT, 2010). By the end of the acquisition over four hundred jobs had been cut by Kraft, this was deemed as an extremely bad case of CSR, particularly in the social aspect; and the company have been portrayed negatively in the media ever since. However, it is not all negative when it comes to KraftÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s CSR. Ã¢â‚¬ËœOver the past 25 years they have donated more than $770 million in cash and food to those suffering from hunger and malnutrition. Kraft Foods ranked 23rd in the 2011 Corporate Social Responsibility Index and were recently awarded the Gold Award for Environmental Excellence at the 4th Global CSR Awards 2012. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚ (Kraft, 2012) They work with non-profit organizations such as Feeding America in the U. S. and Save the Children in Southeast Asia as well as helping develop healthy lifestyles programs for children in the U. S. , Russia and many other places. 4. 0 Conclusion In conclusion the above shows us how the management theory helps us to analyse an organisation, and we can see how Kraft Foods Inc. operates successfully using the Rational Goal Model. They do however operate in a highly competitive food sector, where margins are diminishing, and they have to face tough competition from branded food as we ll as generic food manufacturers, particularly in this economic slowdown. Although the company does partake in a lot of CSR activities, a bad image always remains with customers for a lot longer than a positive one, and they still have a negative image portrayed on themselves from the hostile takeover of Cadburys. 5. 0 Recommendation Kraft Foods Inc. could benefit from repositioning their brand image in the markets to communicate with customers to remove the negative thinking from their minds which arose after Cadburys acquisition. They should also consider moving towards the Human Relations model in the CVF which emphasises commitment, cohesion, and morale. The key values are participation, conflict resolution, and consensus building. In this model the organisation takes on a team-oriented climate in which decision making is characterised by deep involvement. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Quinn, 1988) This would be beneficial in gaining trust and respect from the employees after all the conflict and job losses that arose from the acquisition of Cadburys. Another option for t he company, as mentioned before in the SWOT analysis, is the expansion into new and developing markets which will aid the company in earning more profits to meet their debt requirements. With the consumer market becoming more health and environmentally conscious, organic and reduced fat content products could be a niche in the market for a confectioner such as themselves. 6. 0 References BBC (2008). Melamine found in Cadbury goods. September 2008. Available: www. bbc. co. uk Accessed 12 May 2012Ã‚ Bender, R. and Ward, K. (2008). Corporate financial strategy. 3rd Ed. London: Macmillan p. 52-55. Bloomberg, Homan, T. R. (2010). U. S. Employers Add Fewer Jobs Than Forecast. December 2010. Available: www. Bloomberg. om Accessed 24 April 2012. Boddy, D (2011). Management, An Introduction. 5th ed. Essex: Pearson. CNN, Gunther, M (2008). Eco-police find new targets. August 2008. Available: www. money. cnn. com. Accessed 23 May 2012. CSR. gov. uk (2009). Available: http://webarchive. nationalarchives. gov. uk/+/http://www. berr. gov. uk/whatwedo/sectors/sustainability/corp-responsibility/page45192. html/ Accessed 22 May 2012. CVF. (2009). Competing Values Framework: An Intr oduction. Available: http://competingvalues. com/competingvalues. om/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/The-Competing-Values-Framework-An-Introduction. pdf Last accessed 12 May 2012. FT. Elizabeth Rigby. (2010). Kraft hit by exodus of Cadbury executives. Available: http://www. ft. com/cms/s/0/1dad970a-69c1-11df-8432-00144feab49a. html#axzz1viuO14PA. Last accessed 18 May 2012. Kraft Foods, About us (2012) Available: http://www. kraftfoodscompany. com/About/who-we-are/index. aspx Last accessed 28 April 2012 Kraft Foods CSR (2012) Community Involvement Available: http://www. kraftfoodscompany. om/About/community-involvement/community-involvement. aspx Accessed 22 May 2012. Kraft Foods, Document Sheet (2011) Available: http://www. kraftfoodscompany. com/SiteCollectionDocuments/pdf/kraft_foods_fact_sheet. pdf Last accessed 20 May 2012 Kraft Food Q1 Financial Figures Ã¢â‚¬â€œ http://phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. zhtml? c=129070&p=irol-EventDetails&EventId=4756026 Linstead, S, Fulop, L and Lille y, S. (2009). Management & Organization. 2nd ed. London: Palgrave McMillan. Pg No 721. Martin, J (2005). Organizational Behaviour and Management. London: Thomson Learning. Octogram. (2005). CVF Framework. Available: http://www. octogram. net/quinn-model Last accessed 6 May 2012. Porters Five Forces, Wikepedia. Available: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Porter_five_forces_analysis Accessed 22 May 2012. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2008). Food and Beverage Marketing to Children and Adolescents: What Changes are Needed to Promote Healthy Eating Habits? October 2008. Available: www. rwjf. org Accessed 22 May 2012 Taylor,

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Critique vs. Criticism

Critique vs. Criticism Critique vs. Criticism Critique vs. Criticism By Maeve Maddox Although dictionaries list critique and criticism as synonyms, the words are not exact equivalents. Perhaps because its two letters shorter, headline writers often use critique when criticism would be the more appropriate choice. Take the following example: News Anchor Fiercely and Succinctly Claps [sic] Back at a Viewers Critique of Her Appearance Here is the so-called critique: All the female reporters and anchors wear little to no jewelry but B Ciara wears the biggest and worst jewelry I have ever seen, please have her play by all same rules as every one else. The viewers petty comment is not a critique. It is a criticism. The word critique connotes a detailed analysis that describes and weighs the characteristics of something before drawing conclusions based on evidence and inference. The type of critique Im most familiar with analyzes and evaluates a piece of writing. Other kinds of critiques are written by political analysts, scientific theorists, and philosophers. A critique considers positive aspects of a subject as well as negative ones. A critiques conclusion may be negative, but the critic will have demonstrated a line of reasoning that led to it. The meanings of critique and criticism overlap, but criticism is already used in a general sense to refer to an expression of mere disapproval or faultfinding. It seems desirable to reserve the word critique to refer to a detailed and thoughtful analysis. Here are some alternative choices for criticism in the sense of censure: condemnation denunciation disapproval disparagement opprobrium attack stricture recrimination Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for Ã¢â‚¬Å"LeaderÃ¢â‚¬ Hang, Hung, Hanged90 Verbs Starting with Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ex-Ã¢â‚¬

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Why Dead Fish Float Upside Down

Why Dead Fish Float Upside Down If youve seen dead fish in a pond or your aquarium, youve noticed they tend to float on the water. More often than not, theyll be belly up, which is a dead giveaway (pun intended) youre not dealing with a healthy, living fish. Have you ever wondered why dead fish float and live fish dont? It has to do with fish biology and the scientific principle of buoyancy. Key Takeaways Dead fish float in water because decomposition fills the fishs gut with buoyant gases.The reason fish typically go belly up is because the spine of the fish is more dense than its belly.Healthy living fish dont float. They have an organ called a swim bladder that regulates the amount of gas present in the body of a fish and thus its buoyancy Why Living Fish Don't Float To understand why a dead fish floats, it helps to understand why a live fish is in the water and not on top of it. Fish consist of water, bones, protein, fat, and a smaller amount of carbohydrates and nucleic acids. While fat is less dense than water, your average fish contains a higher amount of bones and protein, which makes the animal neutrally buoyant in water (neither sinks nor floats) or slightly more dense than water (slowly sinks until it gets deep enough). It doesnt require much effort for a fish to maintain its preferred depth in the water, but when they do swim deeper or seek shallow water they rely on an organ called a swim bladder or air bladder to regulate their density. How this works is that water passes into a fishs mouth and across its gills, which is where oxygen passes from the water into the bloodstream. So far, its a lot like human lungs, except on the outside of the fish. In both fish and humans, the red pigment hemoglobin carries oxygen to cells. In a fish, some of the oxygen is released as oxygen gas into the swim bladder. The pressure acting on the fish determines how full the bladder is at any given time. As the fish rises toward the surface, the surrounding water pressure decreases and oxygen from the bladder returns to the bloodstream and back out through the gills. As a fish descends, water pressure increases, causing hemoglobin to release oxygen from the bloodstream to fill the bladder. It allows a fish to change depth and is a built-in mechanism to prevent the bends, where gas bubbles form in the bloodstream if pressure decreases too rapidly. Why Dead Fish Float When a fish dies, its heart stops beating and blood circulation ceases. The oxygen that is in the swim bladder remains there, plus decomposition of the tissue adds more gas, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Theres no way for the gas to escape, but it presses against the fishs belly and expands it, turning the dead fish into a sort of fish-balloon, rising toward the surface. Because the spine and muscles on the dorsal side (top) of the fish are more dense, the belly rises up. Depending on how deep a fish was when it died, it might not rise to the surface, at least not until decomposition really sets in. Some fish never gain sufficient buoyancy to float and decay under the water. In case you were wondering, other dead animals (including people) also float after they start to decay. You dont need a swim bladder for that to happen. Sources Chapin, F. Stuart; Pamela A. Matson; Harold A. Mooney (2002). Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-95443-0.Forbes, S.L. (2008). Decomposition Chemistry in a Burial Environment. In M. Tibbett; D.O. Carter. Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy. CRC Press. pp. 203Ã¢â‚¬â€œ223. ISBN 1-4200-6991-8.Pinheiro, J. (2006). Decay Process of a Cadaver. In A. Schmidt; E. Cumha; J. Pinheiro. Forensic Anthropology and Medicine. Humana Press. pp. 85Ã¢â‚¬â€œ116. ISBN 1-58829-824-8.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Mike Vick Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mike Vick - Research Paper Example At the same time, Mike was accused of financing the operation. According to the investigations done by the US Agricultural Department (USAD), Mike and his cohorts directly participated in the killing of at least seven dogs. The investigations also revealed that Mike bet dog fights and was accused of handling out thousands of dollars in person in related gambling activities. Mike was also found guilt of paying somebody $100 to dig graves for burying dogs killed during the dog fighting (Judd 11). Apart from involvement in dogfighting, Mike failed a drug test which was done in September, 2007. During a random drug test, Mike tested positive for marijuana and was confined to his home in Virginia between 10 pm to 6 am under electronic monitoring until December, the time for his court hearing. Despite accepting responsibility, Mike had failed to cooperate with the federal officials and on top of that, he had failed a polygraph test done shortly after his home was raided. Coupling these wit h the failed drug test, the federal officials assigned Mike to LeavenworthÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s US penitentiary, a federal prison facility to serve his term (Mihoces 35). Background information Mike was born on 26th June, 1980 in Newport News, Virginia to Michael Boddie and Brenda Vick. His family lived in Ridley Circles Homes, located at the East End of the port city. MikeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s skill in football was nurtured by his father from when he was only three years old and was nicknamed bullet due to his blinding speed when playing. Mike spent time with his cousin Brook at their home Boys and Girls club were he got a special watch from his coaches and parents. In high school and in college, Mike often led his team to win in their matches. MikeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s employment has always been based in sports. In 2001, Mike was selected by the Atlanta Falcons where he played for six seasons in the NFL before his imprisonment. After his release from prison in 2009, Mike signed a one-year contract with Philadelphia eagles after being mentored by Tony Dungy, a former Colts coach. The contract was renewed again in 2010 following MikeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s good progress and performance in the team and since then, he has remained as the teamÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s quarterback. Previous criminal history Though Mike was arrested in 2005 for dog fighting, his father, Michael Boddie, revealed that Mike started the habit as early as 2001. According to him, Mike began staging dogfights in their familyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s home garage as well as in the family backyard around 2001. The dogs he used included those that Mr. Boodie had nursed after being injured from to the dogfighting staged by Mike. However, his mother, Brenda Vick, denied the occurrence of dog fighting in their home or the presence of any cages (Judd 11). Early 2004, Mike was linked to illegal drug trafficking. This came after two men who were using a truck registered to Mike were arrested for distributing marijuana. In 2005, a civil law suit was filed by Sonya Elliot accusing Mike of infecting her with genital herpes in the autumn of 2002. Sonya claims that Mike knew of his condition yet he failed to inform her and as a proof to this, Sonya said that Mike sought treatment from clinics for the disease. On 26th November 2006, Mike was accused of making obscene gestures at fans as a reaction to booing by fans for loosing a match to New Orleans. Mike held up two of his middle fingers and was fined $10, 000 by

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Interview methods for children as eyewitnesses Essay

Interview methods for children as eyewitnesses - Essay Example The special circumstances under which children may be interviewed such that their testimony yields credible, admissible evidence requires special support in recent legal reforms. For this reason, advances in legislation in many countries have greatly improved the manner in which children are interviewed in court.1 This is because young children above the age of 5 are highly susceptible to suggestive influences that may affect the credibility of their testimony in court. Suggestibility of very young children Bruck, Ceci, Francoeur & Barr 2 studied the influence of postevent suggestion on childrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s accounts of their visit to the doctor. After their DPT shots, children were given one of three types of feedback: (1) that the shot hurt (pain affirming); (2) that it did not hurt (pain denying); and (3) that the shot is over (neutral). One year after, the children were again visited, and were again given either pain denying or neutral feedback in three separate visits. They were als o given either misleading or non-misleading information about the actions of the nurse and doctor. Children given pain denying feedback reported that they did not cry or hardly at all, and said the shot did not hurt, or at least hurt less than the children who received neutral feedback. Also, children who were given misleading information about the actions of the nurse and doctor made more false allegations about their actions than children not given misleading information. ... The study showed that timing of the misinformation affected the memories of single and repeated events, depending on the combination of event-misinformation and misinformation-test delays rather than overall retention interval. In the study by Milne and Bull,4 and that of Holliday,5 the objective was to examine if the cognitive interview would enhance the recall of events when used with children, and whether the cognitive interview increased childrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s resistance to suggestive questions. (The cognitive interview focuses on the cognitive processes respondents use to answer survey questions, and the interview is held in some private location such as a laboratory environment.6) In the experiment, eight to ten year old children were shown a video recording of a magic show. The following day they were interviewed individually, some using cognitive interview and some using structured interview. A pre-set list of leading or suggestive questions was given to the children either before or after the interview. The findings were that the children who were interviewed using the cognitive interview had a better and more accurate recall of significantly more details. They were also more resistant to suggestive questions subsequently asked. The study established that the cognitive interview was found to comprise a reliable interviewing technique that enhance recall and enables children to be more resistant to the influence of misleading and suggestive questions. There were implications in other studies. For instance, it was found that both true and false memories tended to increase with age, but did not differ for children who were maltreated as against those who were not.7 Also, suggestibility effects were

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Aerospace business management and legislation Essay

Aerospace business management and legislation - Essay Example are some of the reasons that the Airline has stayed successful and has been able to survive the global economic problems that have befallen the aviation industry in recent times. Southwest Airlines has continued to be successful due to good financial planning on the part of the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s administration, which has ensured that the company has continued to grow steadily over a period of more than 30 years. Although Southwest provides low-cost airline transport, new customers may assume that the airlineÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s services might be less professional because of low training budgets or that the airline acquire cheaper facilities for lowering of operational costs. (Butler and Keller, 2000) This can prevent the more picky travelers from trying out the airlineÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s services and thus prevent the airline from getting business from these travelers. Although pickier customers would not mind paying lesser amounts for tickets, the customers will probably not be willing to endure any poor equipments or inadequate services. Upon entering any new market or market sector the airlineÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s low fares usually stimulate demand at a fast rate. Although this stimulates higher a load factor, the airline has been able to handle increase in capacity through proper financial planning. In this light, some other airlines have been known to respond by dropping their own fares and further stimulating the total market. The airlineÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s financial plan also caters to the financial needs of their employees, as they are known to pay their employees well. This translates into more success for the company, as well paid employees are usually happy employees, and would possess better company morale than the employees of their competitors. The airline has been using only one type of aircraft (Boeing 737) and this strategy was intended to keep maintenance costs low, as well as lower training costs too, because the pilots, engineers and flight attendants only have to undergo training for Boeing 737 airplanes.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

The War Of 1812 How And Why History Essay

The War Of 1812 How And Why History Essay The United States declared its independence from Great Britain in 1776 and won its independence in 1783. The United States Constitution comes into play and George Washington becomes the first United States President in 1789. In 1793 war breaks out between Britain and France. Thomas Jefferson oversees the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803. The United States was worried about the war between France and Great Britain. Britain and France were at war with each other, as was much of the rest of Europe. Both sides thought that American ships were supplying the other with food, weapons, and other supplies. American ships were routinely stopped by both France and Britain. Each demanded to search the cargo holds. A lot of times these situations ended in violence. In 1807 Britain imposed the Orders in Council that restricted American shipping and Congress passed the Embargo Act cutting off trade with Britain. It was hoped that it would punish the two nations, who were at w ar with each other, but it backfired and hurt the United States. The War of 1812 has also sometimes been called, The Forgotten War along with the Second Revolutionary War. President Harry Truman called it the silliest damn war we ever had. (Nardo, 2000) It was a war between America and Great Britain. It was caused in part by disagreements over shipping and trade on the high seas and the kidnapping of American sailors who were forced to serve in the British navy. Support in the United States was divided with the West and South looking for a fight, but people of the New England strongly opposed to war. As the war continued, opposition became much stronger. The War Hawks in Congress pushed fighting and President James Madison was steered toward asking Congress for a declaration of war. The United States declared war on Great Britain during its war with France on June 18, 1812. In 1794 the United States Constitution provided for the introduction of a navy. Congress passed a bill giving permission to build six navy ships. One of these was the U.S.S. Constitution. Constructed over a period of three years at the cost of $318,719 it was the second largest warship. (Howes, 2002) The U.S.S. Constitution never lost a battle. During the War of 1812, the Constitution sunk a large number of ships belonging to the British navy. The Constitution commanded by Captain Isaac Hull, got its nickname, Old Ironsides. when a British seaman saw one of his cannon balls hit the wooden hull of the U.S.S. Constitution, bounce off, and fall into the sea. In amazement, the seaman said, Huzzah, her sides are made of iron! (Howes, 2002) Old Ironsides captured 24 enemy vessels. The first major battle of the War of 1812 ended in disaster for the United States when General William Hull who was leading an American army of 2200 men, surrendered to British forces at Detroit without firing a shot. One American soldier, Private Nathaniel Adams, later wrote to his brother, we could have whipped the hell out of the rascals but General Hull has proved himself a traitor and a coward. (Nardo, 2000) Two years later General Hull was sentenced to death for cowardice, but the 61-year-old Revolutionary War veteran was later pardoned by President James Madison. The next battle called for troops to cross the Niagara River into Canada. An American army of 6,000 men commanded by General Stephen Van Rensselaer invaded Canada crossing the Niagara River at Queenston. The Canadian Army commanded by British General Isaac Brock attacked the Americans while they were in the process of crossing the river. Van Rensselaer unwisely divided his forces and Brocks army cut most of a group of 800 Americans to pieces while the rest of the army stood idly by only a few miles away. General Brock took a shot in the chest and was killed in the battle. (Nardo, 2000) In October of 1812, Captain Stephen Decatur, commanding the USS United States, captured the Macedonian, a British warship, near the Madeira Islands off the coast of North Africa. And in December of that same year James Madison is elected to a second term as president of the United States. He receives 128 votes in the Electoral College. Opponents of a second war with Great Britain had revived the Federalist organization, and Federalists from eleven states met in New York and agreed to support De Witt Clinton, not on account of his war views, which were not in accord with their own, but as a protest against the policy of Madison. De Witt Clinton, representing the Federalist Party, receives 89 votes. Elbridge Gerry is elected vice-president and dies two years later while still in office. (Renwick, 1845) Those events led to the Battle of Lake Erie where Captain Oliver Hazard Perry leads a fleet of eleven ships against a British fleet of six vessels on Lake Erie. Eight minutes after Perry broke the British line the ships one by one ran up their white flags. Perry had snatched victory from what had seemed a certain defeat. It was the first time that an entire British fleet had been captured. And with Lake Erie now controlled by the Americans, the British were no longer able to get supplies. Perry announces the American victory in a memorable dispatch on the back of an old envelope to headquarters: We have met the enemy and they are ours. (Greenblatt, 1994) The way was open at last for Harrison to invade Upper Canada and to recapture Detroit and in September of 1813, General William Henry Harrison led a force of 4,500 Americans across the recently secured Lake Erie in pursuit of British troops forced to abandon Detroit. On October 5th, Harrison defeated the enemy at Moravian Town to defeat the British and their Indian allies in the Battle of the Thames. Tecumseh, the Shawnee leader of the Pan-Indian confederation earlier defeated at Tippecanoe, is killed in the battle, leading many of Britains Indian allies to abandon the alliance. (Freehoff, 1996) In the same month in Europe, Napoleons French army is crushed at the Battle of Leipzig. Napoleon, forced to retreat from Russia in 1812 after seeing 400,000 of his men killed and 100,000 captured in an ill-fated invasion, sends a new but untrained army into battle against a coalition of European nations at Leipzig, suffering another defeat that forces his retreat back into France. Soon after their victory at Leipzig the allies offered Napoleon peace under which France boundaries would be the Rhine and the Alps. Napoleon ignored the offer and the allies began a coordinated campaign that made its way through France. Napoleon was defeated in a series of battles each bringing the allies closer to Paris. On March 31, 1814 a victorious allied army entered Paris, and French foreign minister Talleyrand influenced the Senate to declare that Napoleon had forfeited the throne. On April 11th he abdicated the throne to the allies who gave him the island of Elba as his own sovereign principality with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. (Cronin, 1994) Direct talks between the United States and Great Britain, proposed by the British foreign minister, Lord Castlereagh, began in Ghent. The American delegation consisted of Albert Gallatin, James Bayard, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Jonathan Russell. As the British army of approximately 4,000 approached, the majority of Washington residents fled the city. (Coles, 1965) On August 24th American defenders, with President James Madison in attendance, were quickly routed by the invaders in a battle at Bladensburg a few miles from the city. A messenger was dispatched to the White House to warn First Lady Dolly Madison of the arrival of the British. She and her staff fled by carriage across the Potomac but not without taking with her the full-length portrait of George Washington painted by Gilbert Stuart. It had been necessary for her servant to chop the frame apart with a hatchet in order to remove the canvas. (Greenblatt, 1994) That evening, the vanguard of the British army reached Capitol Hill and began its systematic destruction of all public buildings in the city. British forces captured Washington, D.C. The White House, the Capitol, and executive department offices are burned. Secretary of War John Armstrong was blamed for the poo r planning and intelligence that left Americas capital poorly defended and was forced to resign. After capturing and burning Washington so easily, the British didnt think they would have any trouble taking Baltimore. They figured they would sail their ships right into the harbor and destroy Fort McHenry with cannon fire making way for a land assault on the city. But the British attack on the capital had given the Americans time to prepare for them with more than 16,000 troops and thousands of civilians. When General Ross tried to attack by land he was killed and his troops driven back. A Washington lawyer named Francis Scott Key witnessed the action from a boat about 8 miles away catching glimpses of the bright stripes and bright stars of the forts flag lit up by the rockets red glare. (Nardo, 2000) The sight inspired him to write The Star-Spangled Banner to the tune of an old British drinking song. The song became the national anthem of the United Stated in 1931. During the Battle of Plattsburg on Lake Champlain in September of 1814, American forces turned back a British army of 11,000 men under the command of Sir George Prevost at Lake Champlain, New York. The Americans, who were outnumbered three to one established superior positions on the lake and shoreline, forcing Prevost to withdraw from the field. In the wake of his defeat, Prevost abandoned his invasion and retreated to Canada. The American victory saved New York from possible invasion and helped lead to the conclusion of peace negotiations between Britain and the United States in Ghent, Belgium. The Hartford Convention convenes as Federalist delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island meet to discuss their opposition to the war. There is speculation that the convention will recommend New Englands secession from the United States and the negotiation of a separate peace with Britain. Instead, the delegates propose constitutional amendments requiring a two-thirds vote for declarations of war and laws restricting commerce, forbidding successive presidents from the same state, eliminating the three-fifths clause, and restricting future presidents to one term in office. These proposals will reach Washington just weeks before the end of the war. The War of 1812 ended when the Treaty of Ghent was signed at the end of 1814, guaranteeing that the United States and Britain would end their battle. Neither side was able to claim complete victory and they continued fighting for several more weeks. The Treaty of Ghent had come too late to prevent the slaughter in New Orleans. Two weeks after negotiators in Europe reached an agreement on a peace treaty to end the War of 1812, but a month before news of the treaty reaches North America, the United States won its greatest military victory of the conflict. The Battle of New Orleans was a prolonged battle and was the final major battle of the War of 1812. American forces, commanded by General Andrew Jackson, defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New Orleans and the vast territory America had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase. The battle is often regarded as the greatest American land victory of the war. Speedy communication would have eliminated this battle. The War of 1812 could be called the war of poor communication. (Coles, 1965) It had no impact on the final settlement. The war to me didnt seem to accomplish much of anything. It seemed to be a whole bunch of failures in my opinion. I dont think they were prepared at all and things quickly went from bad to worse. I do believe that the war brought a patriotic feeling to the Americans and they gained some confidence and maybe even some respect from other nations that helped commerce to expand to other nations. It didnt really solve any of the problems that they went to war over but it did cause expansion and nationalism.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Salvador Dali :: essays research papers fc

(1904-1989) Salvador Dali was born into a middle-class family on May 11th, 1904 in Figures Spain. In 1921 he entered the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid where he made friends with Federico Garcia Lorca, Luis Bunuel, and Eugenio Montes. He pursued his personal intersest in Cubism and Futurism. In June of 1923 Dali was suspended from the Academy for having indicated the students to rebel against the authorities of the school. He was let back in October of 1925, and a year later Dali was permanently expelled. In 1924 he was imprisoned in Figures and Gerona for political reasons. Dali joined the Surrealists in 1929 due to the influence of metaphysical paintings, and his contact with Miro. Dali developed his method over the next few years. He describes his method as 'paranoic-critical, a 'spontaneous method of irrational knowledge based on critical and systematic objectivation of delirious associations and interpretations.' Works he produced at this time include The Lugubrious Game 1929, The Persistence of Memory 1931, and Surrealist Objects, Gauges of Instantaneous Memory 1932. Salvador Dali was the top Surrealists of this time. Surrealism explored the subconscious, the dream world, and irrational elements of the psyche in the belief that the discoveries to be made from such exploration would be of more fundamental importance to the human condition than any other form of social analysis. Salvador Dali was very fascinated by the fleeting state of the mind between sleep and consciousness, dream and reality, sanity and insanity, as one in which the mind functioned purely, free from the constraints of logic and social behavior. He read psychological case histories, hoping to represent neuroses in an ultra-realistic style, objectifying the irrational with photographic accuracy. In 1936, Dali began painting in a classical manner again, switching between Italian, Spanish and pompier styles. Dali was very politically involved, and had some extreme opinions. He was fascinated with Hitler, and his relations with the rest of the Surrealist group became strained after 1934, breaking away in 1939 when he declared his support for Franco. He moved to the USA, living there from 1939-1948. Dali held many one-man shows during his career. He directed and was a part of many films including the first surrealist film "Un Chiea A Dalou A Andalusian Dog", with the director Luis Bunuel. In 1945 he designed the surrealistic dream sequence for Hitchcock's Spellbound, and filmed Don Juan Tenorio, in 1951. Salvador Dali :: essays research papers fc (1904-1989) Salvador Dali was born into a middle-class family on May 11th, 1904 in Figures Spain. In 1921 he entered the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid where he made friends with Federico Garcia Lorca, Luis Bunuel, and Eugenio Montes. He pursued his personal intersest in Cubism and Futurism. In June of 1923 Dali was suspended from the Academy for having indicated the students to rebel against the authorities of the school. He was let back in October of 1925, and a year later Dali was permanently expelled. In 1924 he was imprisoned in Figures and Gerona for political reasons. Dali joined the Surrealists in 1929 due to the influence of metaphysical paintings, and his contact with Miro. Dali developed his method over the next few years. He describes his method as 'paranoic-critical, a 'spontaneous method of irrational knowledge based on critical and systematic objectivation of delirious associations and interpretations.' Works he produced at this time include The Lugubrious Game 1929, The Persistence of Memory 1931, and Surrealist Objects, Gauges of Instantaneous Memory 1932. Salvador Dali was the top Surrealists of this time. Surrealism explored the subconscious, the dream world, and irrational elements of the psyche in the belief that the discoveries to be made from such exploration would be of more fundamental importance to the human condition than any other form of social analysis. Salvador Dali was very fascinated by the fleeting state of the mind between sleep and consciousness, dream and reality, sanity and insanity, as one in which the mind functioned purely, free from the constraints of logic and social behavior. He read psychological case histories, hoping to represent neuroses in an ultra-realistic style, objectifying the irrational with photographic accuracy. In 1936, Dali began painting in a classical manner again, switching between Italian, Spanish and pompier styles. Dali was very politically involved, and had some extreme opinions. He was fascinated with Hitler, and his relations with the rest of the Surrealist group became strained after 1934, breaking away in 1939 when he declared his support for Franco. He moved to the USA, living there from 1939-1948. Dali held many one-man shows during his career. He directed and was a part of many films including the first surrealist film "Un Chiea A Dalou A Andalusian Dog", with the director Luis Bunuel. In 1945 he designed the surrealistic dream sequence for Hitchcock's Spellbound, and filmed Don Juan Tenorio, in 1951.